2016届高考英语阅读改错提升训练12 前沿科学（完型填空）

　　高考12——前沿科学

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)　(2012·江苏卷)The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non­existent.In the world of digital technology，e­mail，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be __1__.Solitude can be hard to discover __2__ it has been given up.In this respect，new technologies have __3__ our culture.

　　The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __4__ as we've known it.People have become so __5__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __6__ they'd rather not be.Today we can talk，text，e­mail，chat and blog (写博客)，not only from our __7__，but from our mobile phones as well.

　　Most developed nations have become __8__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it，and at this point not __9__ it would make them an outsider.__10__，many jobs and careers require people to be __11__.From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a __12__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

　　I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __13__ wants it.Computers can be shut __14__ and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __15__，as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up __16__ on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel __17__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __18__ to unwanted texts.

　　Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __19__ across generations.Some find today's technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyone's view on the subject，it's hard to imagine what life would be like __20__ daily advancements in technology.

　　【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在这个科技迅猛发展的时代，随着各种各样电子产品和通讯工具的出现，人与人之间的联系已经越来越依靠这些高科技产品，独处似乎已经成为不可能的事情。不管你喜不喜欢，如果没有科技的进步，很难想象未来的生活会是什么样子。

　　1．A.updated

　　B．received

　　C．shared

　　D．collected

　　答案　C　[本段第一句话句意：在这个数字世界，独处几乎是不存在的。所以本句表达的意思是有了电子邮件、社会网络等这些通讯工具，信息意味着被互相分享(share)。update更新；receive得到收到；collect 收集。]

　　2．A.though

　　B．until

　　C．once

　　D．before

　　答案　C　[一旦你放弃了独处，那么就很难再找回来。此处用连词once引导条件状语从句，符合语境。though尽管，引导让步状语从句； until直到，引导时间状语从句；before在……之前，引导时间状语从句。]

　　3．A.respected

　　B．shaped

　　C．ignored

　　D．preserved

　　答案　B　[新技术应是塑造(shape)而不是尊重(respect)、忽视(ignore)或保护(preserve)我们的文化。 ]

　　4．A.edge

　　B．stage

　　C．end

　　D．balance

　　答案　C　[既然想与他人有联系，那自然就会结束独处的境地。bring sth to an end使……结束，为固定表达。]

　　5．A.sensitive

　　B．intelligent

　　C．considerate

　　D．reachable

　　答案　D　[在这个网络相连的世界，找到一个人是如此容易。此处用reachable(可获得的，可达到的)来表达人很容易被找到。sensitive敏感的；intelligent聪明的，有才智的；considerate体贴的，体谅的。]

　　6．A.even if

　　B．only if

　　C．as if

　　D．if only

　　答案　A　[由空格前的one can often be contacted(一个人经常会被联系到)与空格后的they'd rather not be可知，空格处表示“即使”(even if)。]

　　7．A.media

　　B．computers

　　C．databases

　　D．monitors

　　答案　B　[我们能交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天和写博客，除了后面提到的能用手机做到之外，当然就是电脑(computer)了。]

　　8．A.bent

　　B．hard

　　C．keen

　　D．dependent

　　答案　D　[既然大多数发达国家习惯了这种数字技术，所以人们就变得依赖它们。become dependent on为固定搭配，意为“变得依赖/依靠”。]

　　9．A.finding

　　B．using

　　C．protecting

　　D．changing

　　答案　B　[在这种情况下，不使用(using)数字技术则使他们显得像旁观者、局外人。本处为动名词短语作主语。]

　　10．A.Also

　　B．Instead

　　C．Otherwise

　　D．Somehow

　　答案　A　[除了上文提到的人们已经习惯了数字技术外，许多工作和职业也(also)需要人们互相联系。]

　　11．A.connected

　　B．trained

　　C．recommended

　　D．interested

　　答案　A　[许多工作和职业也需要人们互相联系(to be connected)。其他选项用在此处的话句意不通顺。]

　　12．A.pleasure

　　B．benefit

　　C．burden

　　D．disappointment

　　答案　C　[下文提到的是那些不想被联系到的人，所以能够被reachable对他们来说自然就是一种负担(burden)。]

　　13．A.slightly

　　B．hardly

　　C．merely

　　D．really

　　答案　D　[solitude is still possible(独处仍然是可能的)自然是对那些真正(really)想要独处的人来说的，而不是slightly(稍微地)，hardly(几乎不)，merely(仅仅)。]

　　14．A.out

　　B．down

　　C．up

　　D．in

　　答案　B　[想要独处，就把电脑关掉，手机也可被关掉。shut out不让……进入；shut down关闭；shut up住口，监禁；shut in把……关在房内。]

　　15．A.aspects

　　B．weaknessesC．advantages

　　D．exceptions

　　答案　C　[由空格后的关键词as well as disadvantages可知，应填advantages(有利条件)。]

　　16．A.hidden

　　B．lost

　　C．relaxed

　　D．deserted

　　答案　B　[游客们在山中迷路(lost)，正是手机救了他们的命。如果说是游客们藏(hidden)在或被抛弃(deserted)在山中，则不合常理。]

　　17．A.trapped

　　B．excited

　　C．confused

　　D．amused

　　答案　A　[本段提到“被联系上”既有有利条件又有不利条件，上句“手机救了很多人的命”是有利条件，此处指不利条件，当人们被逼无奈回电话或回复信息时，他们会感到陷入困境。trapped陷入困境的，受到限制的。]

　　18．A.turn

　　B．submit

　　C．object

　　D．reply

　　答案　D　[由17题解析可知此处表示“回复信息”。reply to为固定搭配，意为“回复”。]

　　19．A.vary

　　B．arise

　　C．spread

　　D．exist

　　答案　A　[根据后面的Some...Others...可知人们对待“被联系”的态度不同。vary变化。 ]

　　20．A.beyond

　　B．within

　　C．despite

　　D．without

　　答案　D　[此处表示尽管人们的态度不同，但是很难想象没有(without)科技进步的生活会是什么样子。]

　　维B1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012安徽卷E篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　It is 7 o'clock in the morning.You check yourself in the mirror，adjust your collar，and consider the busy day ahead.But at least you know that the stress won't damage your health，for this is no ordinary set of clothes you are

　　wearing.Set within

　　the

　　fabric

　　are

　　numerous

　　sensors，constantly monitoring your vital signs.If danger signs are

　　detected，the garment is programmed to contact your doctor—and send a text message telling you to take it easy.

　　Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace his or her heart activity are just entering the market，but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles.Miniaturized biosensors in a textile patch can now analyze body fluids，even a tiny drop of sweat，and provide a much better assessment of someone's health.

　　Jean Luprano is a researcher at the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Micro­technology ( CSEM )．“One of the most obvious applications for smart fabrics is in the medical field，” he says.“There has been a good deal of progress with physiological

　　measurements，body

　　temperature

　　or electro­cardiograms.But no one has yet developed biochemical sensing techniques that can take measurements from fluids like sweat and blood.We are developing a suite of sensors that can be integrated into a textile patch.The patch is a sensing and processing unit，adaptable to target different body fluids and biochemical species.At the very least，some basic biochemical analyses could complement the physiological measurements that can already be monitored.In some circumstances，fluidic analysis may be the only way to get information on a patient's health status.”

　　Notes：

　　vital adj.生命的　②textile n．纺织品　③fluid n．体液

　　④electro­cardiogram心电图　⑤integrate vt.综合

　　⑥biochemical adj.生物化学的　⑦complement vt.补助

　　长短句分析：Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace his or her heart activity are just entering the market，but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles.

　　句法点睛：本句中，that引导定语从句。

　　句意：能测量穿戴者的体温或者追踪其心脏活动的服装正进入市场，而欧洲设计BIOTEX把新的功能织进智能纺织品中。

　　【语篇解读】 本文是科技阅读。高科技智能服装可通过一滴汗水检测出人们的身体的健康状况，这种服装刚刚进入市场。

　　1．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Smart clothes that can track your health.

　　B．How to make your daily stress free.

　　C．New advancement in the medical field.

　　D．Biochemical sensing techniques.

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了能够检测健康状况的智能服装。B项是对文章第一段的片面理解；C项意思范围过大，超出了本文的内容；D项没有涉及服装这一概念。]

　　2．The first paragraph is written to ________.

　　A．describe a common scene in people's life

　　B．introduce the topic of the passage

　　C．tell us to have a smooth start of our day

　　D．predict the new garments to appear

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。分析第一段可知，作者通过描述引入本文的话题，使文章更具有趣味性。 ]

　　3．The garments are special because they can ________.

　　A．make physiological measurements of a patient

　　B．take one's body temperature

　　C．take electro­cardiograms of a patient

　　D．take measurements from fluids

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。从最后一段可知，A、B、C三项都是原先已有的技术，D项是本文所介绍的关键技术。]

　　4．The garments mentioned in the passage are probably most useful in the fields of ________.

　　A．education

　　B．medicine

　　C．environment

　　D．fashion

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。从最后一段可知，智能纤维最大的用途体现在医学领域。]

　　维B2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012湖南卷C篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相

　　Ever since the world was introduced to Dolly，the cloned sheep，in 1997，various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her.Some objections have been practical; many scientists have warned that these techniques remain too dangerous.Others have focused on the unpredictable psychosocial consequences of producing humans that are genetically identical to other individuals.But the strongest opposition has been based on a moral certainty that，whatever the practical risks involved，producing carbon copies of human beings is ethically unacceptable.

　　The United Nations faces an opportunity to turn this moral certainty into international law when a committee takes up discussion of a possible treaty that would make what is known as “reproductive cloning” a criminal offence.Building on a long line of international treaties targeting unethical practices，from human slavery to the use of biological weapons，the United Nations is likely to be asked to approve a new agreement that would place human cloning in the same category.

　　In this case，however，the United Nations is in danger of shooting itself in the foot.For the debate over the outlawing of reproductive cloning has been hijacked by those whose principal goal is different.To achieve this，they are seeking to have the proposed ban extended to cover not only the reproductive

　　cloning

　　of

　　human

　　beings，but

　　so­called “therapeutic cloning” as well.This involves growing fertilised embryos for several days，and then extracting from them cells that might later be used as replacement tissue or organs for other individuals.

　　Notes：

　　①ethically adv.伦理上　②unethical adj.不道德的

　　③therapeutic adj.治疗的　④hijack vt.劫持

　　长短句分析：Ever since the world was introduced to Dolly，the cloned sheep，in 1997，various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her.

　　句法点睛：本句中，since引导时间状语从句，第一个that引导同位语从句，修饰fears；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰techniques。

　　句意：自从1997年世界上第一次有了多利羊，人们表示出了各种担心，担心研究者会受诱惑把克隆羊的技术用到人类身上。

　　【语篇解读】 克隆羊多利出现以后，人们担心研究者会被利益驱动去克隆人。一个委员会想敦促联合国就再生性克隆提出法律上的限制，但是这里面也出现了麻烦。如果这条法律通过了，医疗克隆也就被禁止了。

　　1．What was the fear of people after Dolly，the cloned sheep?

　　A．They feared that the sheep would die soon.

　　B．Techniques to clone animals were dangerous.

　　C．Researchers would clone human beings.

　　D．Researchers would produce therapeutic cloning.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。从“various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her”我们知道，克隆羊出现后，人们的担心是，研究者会被利益驱动着去克隆人。]

　　2．What does the underlined word “identical” in the first paragraph mean?

　　A．Different.

　　B．Similar in looks.

　　C．Special.

　　D．Harmful.

　　答案　B　[词义猜测题。联系后面的“to other individuals”，再结合克隆的特点可知，他们担心克隆出来的人与其他人在外观上是一样的。]

　　3．What's the committee's treaty about cloning?

　　A．Any activity of cloning humans is a criminal offence.

　　B．Reproductive cloning would be a criminal offence.

　　C．Cloning should be banned now.

　　D．The use of biological weapons is allowed.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。从“a committee takes up discussion of a possible treaty that would make what is known as ‘reproductive cloning’a criminal offence”可以知道，委员会在讨论关于再生性克隆是违法的条约。]

　　4．If there is a treaty to ban reproductive cloning ________.

　　A．it is likely to clone humans at present

　　B．cloning will bring unethical problems

　　C．it is still a problem how we make scientific research by cloning

　　D．therapeutic cloning will also be banned

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。从“To achieve this，they are seeking to have the proposed ban extended to cover not only the reproductive cloning of human beings，but so­called‘therapeutic cloning’as well.”可知，如果这个条约实施，不仅克隆人是犯罪，连医疗克隆也是犯罪。]