山东省泰安市岱岳区徂徕镇第一中学2016英语二轮专题复习经典导学案（118）

　　Despite the fact that many fans have waited outside the gate of the booking office, many of them will still be told that the tickets are available only to the first 100 people free of charge.

　　尽管许多粉丝在售票厅前等了很久，但他们中的绝大部分仍将被告知只有前100人能免费拿到门票。

　　基础词汇强化练习

　　1.Tom stood up and _________（背诵）a speech from Hamlet to the class.

　　2.The old man lives alone and suffers from _________(寂寞)

　　3.They tried their best to win the match for the __________（荣誉）

　　4.These sentences all have the same grammatical __________（模式）

　　5.It was ___________(特别) that he refused our request.

　　6.The Rome coin is in his ___________（收藏）。

　　7.His former employer __________(推荐) him warmly.

　　8.He __________(捐出) a large sum to the Hope Project.

　　9.More than any other form of ________（文学），poetry plays with words, sounds and grammar.

　　10.They talked with each other in an unfriendly ___________(气氛)。

　　1.recited

　　2.loneliness

　　3.glory

　　4.pattern

　　5.extraodinary

　　6.collection

　　7.recommended

　　8.contributed

　　9.literature

　　10.atmosphere

　　书面表达经典句式强化记忆

　　34. What deeply impressed me was that……

　　What deeply impressed me was that my students had made great progress in English

　　in recent months.

　　给我印象最深的是我的学生最近几个月在英语上的很大进步。

　　Impress sb with sth= impress sth on sb

　　The girl impressed the interviewer with her liveliness and sense of humor.

　　The girl impressed her liveliness and sense of humor.on the interviewer

　　姑娘又活泼又富有幽默感，给面试官留下了深刻印象。

　　Sth impress sb

　　The sights of Shanghai never fail to impress foreign tourists.

　　外国游客无一不对上海留有深刻的印象。

　　35. What surprised /delighted / disappointed him most was that….. / was sth

　　What surprised us most was that the little boy was able to work out such a difficult math problem.

　　让我们最吃惊的是这个小男孩解出了如此难的一道数学题。

　　What delighted her parents most was her wonderful performance in the English evening .

　　使她父母最高兴的是她在英语晚会上的精彩表演。

　　36. No matter who / what / when / where / how (may) do……, + 主句

　　No matter what people say in their dreams, it is the reflection of their subconscious mind,

　　无论人们在梦中说了什么都是他们潜意识的反映。

　　No matter who breaks laws, he or she will be punished by law.

　　无论谁违法，他或她将受到法律的惩罚。

　　书面表达经典朗读素材

　　A Traveler in Italy-我在意大利的一次经历An English man was once traveling in Italy. One day he went into a small restaurant to order dinner. He understood very little Italian and was unable to read the menu (菜单) . He knew the word egg, and so he ordered eggs. Italy is famous, however, for its mushrooms (蘑菇) ,and the man wanted to try some mushrooms. The waiter did not speak a word of English and therefore could not help him. At last, the man took out of his pocket a pencil and a piece of paper. The waiter looked at the picture of the mushroom for a long while. He did not understand very well, but at last he left. He was gone a long time. After about half an hour he returned. But instead of mushrooms, he brought the man a large black umbrella.

　　经典谚语积累

　　The pot calls the kettle black.

　　五十步笑百步。自《2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)说明》提出“任务型阅读”这一题型至今，该题型不论是从命制还是从解题方法反面，都已经逐渐走向成熟。笔者08年高考前两个月与所有当年的高三师生一同经历过心理上的困惑与迷茫，面对“任务型阅读”，当时的我们没有任何经验，没有任何练习和参考资料可以查阅，硬是凭着一股“在摸索中前进的劲头”，引领学生参加高考。好在08年高考任务型阅读题不算太难，所以学生得分还不错。但是随后的几年，任务型阅读题型难度加大，自我归纳总结题的比例增加，词形变换形式多样等诸多问题难倒了很多学生，导致任务型阅读的得分一直不容乐观。虽然考试说明对任务型阅读的题型做了很大调整，删除了比较难把握正确答案的题型，但是很多同学仍然存在畏难情绪，感到难以把握，导致失分严重。笔者参考了2012年考试说明样题，对任务型阅读进行了深度剖析，以便更好地提供解题思路和指导。

　　一、任务型阅读的来源

　　在阅读过程中，信息的获取要靠读者的“图式”知识。理解涉及文本和图式两方面因素，信息的获取不仅取决于文本本身，还取决于学生的背景知识、语体知识和语言解码能力，运用已有知识帮助理解的过程。任务型阅读(task-based reading)主要依赖于“形式图式”的能力，而“内容图式”和“语言图式”起辅助作用。

　　二、任务型阅读的特点

　　(1)任务型阅读侧重语篇分析，剖析文章的“脉络”，即文章的结构或者框架。在阅读教学中，“英语语篇”按照文体可分记叙文(narrative)、描述文(description)、议论文(argumentation)、说明文(exposition)。各类文体各有其写作特点，任务型阅读后题目常具备一定的逻辑顺序展开。 (2)阅读材料后题目设置多样化，考查学生多种能力。任务型阅读虽然有考查学生的单词拼写能力，但是和“单词拼写”以及“对话填空”有着本质的区别。任务型阅读考的是语篇分析能力，对学生能力的考查更全面，要求也更高，包括考查学生的思维能力、分析能力、词汇能力以及其他的语言深层挖掘能力等。

　　(3)阅读题目设置有梯度，答题要求简练和规范。任务型阅读题目设置旨在围绕不同的阅读技能和语言应用而展开，涉及词性转换、词语释义、同意替换、语法结构、归纳演绎、结构分析、细节理解等。任务型在表达部分也暗含有一些要求，诸如大小写、答题的一致性及词性等等，这些隐性的规范需要学生自己去揣摩。

　　三、任务型阅读的解题步骤：

　　总体来说，任务型阅读的解题步骤大致可以归纳为 “略读”→“比较” →“对应”→“理解” →“解题”→“复核”等六步战略。

　　    第一步：“略读”。快速浏览短文每段首句，了解文章大意是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有文章大意，才能顺利地在表格中填出相关的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。     第二步：“比较”。众所周知，任务型阅读的表格是前面短文的简写和浓缩。所以了解文章后比较这两部分，一一搭配，理清表格主体结构与短文的写作思路和线索结构，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，做到有的放矢。     第三步：“对应”。通过前两步的知识储备，可以将是个空格所在的句子与原文对应起来，进一步摸清出题者的出题思路，做到准确回归原文，尤其是占七成的细节题 部分。即便是归纳题，通过对应原文也能更加准确了解该填的内容。

　　     第四步：“理解”。找到与空格一致的句子正如找到阅读理解细节题的源头一样，只是给解题提供了范围，如若不能准确读懂其含义，便很可能望文生义，从而找错单词。只有认真理解句意，才能确定答案的关键词语，或者提炼、转换已得信息，从而确定正确答案。 

　　第五步：“解题”。单词或词组确定后，则需要关注更加细节的内容，如：词和词组间的合理转换，单词词性，所充当的成分，单复数形式，时态，各种搭配，单词拼写，大小写以及表格中并列部分的内容的一致性，如近义词、反义词、因果关系，句型句式等，避免因简单的形式错误或拼写错误而导致前功尽弃。     第六步：“复核”。在注意语言规范和书写工整，形式正确后，有必要将前面的第三、四、五步在复查一遍，杜绝任何导致失分的隐患。四、例题：

　　示例l

　　Traveling on the Information Superhighway

　　In the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy（初期）, Back then if you said to someone, ”Send me an e-mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look . Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. The Internet is often called the “information superhighway.” That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.

　　In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP （ the top row of letters on a key-board）. As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed.

　　Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.

　　However, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn’t say in front of crowd!

　　The internet

　　The internet offers information to us. The internet enables us to （1）

　　____

　　in a new way.

　　The internet is often called the

　　“information superhigh-way”,

　　because vast amount of information travel over it. Thanks to （3）

　　______

　　, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.

　　It has changed the（4）__

　　of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London about the weather experiment. It has also enables us to exchange information at （5）

　　speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us （6）_________

　　mother person who has internet in （7）

　　___

　　. It also helps us to send information without leaving home. （8）______

　　the advantages, we should be （9）

　　__

　　when using it. Because it may not be（10）_____ if someone has access to our receivers’ computer.

　　【宏观分析】：该题型主要考查同学们运用skimming和scanning等阅读技巧，但这其中又要注意答案的表述。这类题型里既有可以在原文中直接找到的词，也有需要对原文加工提炼的词，如第4、5、7三空。

　　【解题思路】：本题主要讲述internet两个功能offer information和communication,文章里有一个段落划分提示词in addition to information…我们就可以知道表格第一部分对应一二两段，第二部分对应其他段落。首先解决第2空，从表格可知，offer information又分为两小部分，分别对应第一与第二段，所以从第二段末尾可以找到exchange。第1空概括了下列几个方面，是第二部分的中心句，因此第三段开头就可以找到。第3空可以在第四段开头这一句找到原词，第四题则要根据这句话与这一空后的介词of talking来联想搭配。第5、6、7三空对应于第四段。短语in minute形容速度快（第5题），第6空contact可以找到原词，第7空是用have sth in common的短语来改写share your love of…. 第8空对应于最后一段，however, there is… 第9空可以找到原词，第10空则对应于最后两句话it can be received by anyone说明没有隐私private。

　　示例2

　　About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York city when a woman and a young boy own at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”

　　This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we

　　were “depressed” until we were in high school.

　　The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.

　　Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Children as it once was no longer exists. Why?

　　Human development is based not only on natural biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new situation. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.

　　In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation（揭示）machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately（不加区分地），to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.

　　Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.

　　Title: Change in today’s children

　　Main comparisons Context

　　Different

　　（1）

　　Children in the past did what they were （2）

　　to.

　　Children today （3）

　　as if they were adults.

　　Different

　　（4）

　　Children in the past never experienced

　　（5）

　　Sometimes sadness （6）

　　to children nowadays.

　　Children’s

　　（7）

　　to learn knowledge. Children in the past: in a （8）

　　and guided process.

　　Children nowadays: by （9）

　　TV without control

　　A phenomenon worth noting

　　The author’s （10）

　　to children’s change. He prefers communication through print for children, which can control what children are to learn.

　　【宏观分析】：

　　这类题难度较大，对学生的基本功要求高。具体的说，在了解篇章结构的基础上，要求熟练运用已掌握的词汇对既得信息进行加工，所以本题型难点在于联想加工信息。

　　【解题思路】：

　　根据图表的title可知，文章讲述了新旧两个时代孩子的区别。

　　首先解决第3空，根据第三段behave more like adults,可用behave 或者act，相反过去的孩子只做他们应该做的，可以联想到be supposed to（第2空），再对这两行进行总结，可联想到different behaviors（第1空）。第5空两个依据：第三段I didn’t find out we were depressed与第6空前的sadness可知是depression.第6空要根据固定结构happen to，总结这两行,depression和sadness都应是情感，所以第4空应该用feelings或emotions。第7空根据后面8、9两空前的介词in和by可猜测应填ways（方式）。第8空可根据第五段最后一句，but slowly and in stages可知应是gradual.第9空相对应文章倒数第二段，watching TV.第10空主要根据其后he prefers communication与第10空后的介词to可知是作者的attitude。高考考纲词汇记忆

　　重点单词altogether [ɔːltəˈɡeðə(r)] ad. 总共

　　aluminium [æljʊˈmɪnɪəm] n. （化）铝

　　always [ˈɔːlweɪz] ad. ；；

　　am/æm/ v. be的人称形式之一 

　　ａ.m./A.M.

　　n. 午前，

　　amateur [ˈæmətə(r)] a. 业余爱好的

　　amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇，；

　　amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的

　　ambassador (ambassadress) [æmˈbæsədə(r)] n.大使

　　ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjʊəs] a. 模棱两可的

　　ambition [æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n] n.目标,野心,雄心,抱负

　　ambulance [ˈæmbjʊləns] n.

　　America [əˈmerɪkə] * n. 美国；

　　American [əˈmerɪkən] a. 美国的；n. 美国人

　　among [əˈmʌŋ] prep. 在…中间；（）

　　amount [əˈmaʊnt] n. / v. 金额，数量，总计

　　ample [ˈæmp(ə)l] a. 足够的，丰裕的

　　amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt. （），

　　amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐

　　analyze/ `ænl,aɪz /

　　v. 分析

　　analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析，分析结果

　　ancestor [ˈænsəstə(r)] n. ；

　　acchor v. / n. 锚，抛锚

　　ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] a. ，

　　and [ənd, ænd] conj. 和；；

　　anecdote [ˈænɪkdəʊt] n. 逸事，趣闻

　　anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n. ，

　　angle [ˈæŋɡ(ə)l] n. 角度

　　angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. ，

　　animal [ˈænɪm(ə)l] n. 动物

　　ankle [ˈæŋk(ə)l] n. 踝，踝关节

　　anniversary [ænɪˈvɜːsərɪ] n. 周年纪念日重点短语

　　lend to 把…借给；把钱贷给； lend a helping hand 伸出援助之手, let down (人)失望；放下；放(长)衣服； let out 释放；放出/发出(水，气)；泄露 line up 排队； live on以…为生 live through 渡过；熬过 live up to 配得上,不愧于不负；按..行事 live with 接(忍)受(令人不快的事物等)

　　long for 渴望；向往 look after 照看；照管 look at 看；查看；考虑；对待 look down on/upon 小看…；蔑视… look for 寻找；寻求；期望；指望 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 调查；深入了解；研究 look like 看上去像；似将；好像要 look out 当心；注意；警惕；查出;挑选 look over 检阅；检查 look up to 尊敬 lose contact/touch (with) 失去联系；联络中断 lose/save one's face 丢脸；留面子 lose track (of)失去联系 look up查阅，抬头看；看涨 lose heart灰心，泄气 lose one’s way=be lost in..迷路 lose no time立即 lose one's breath喘不过气来， lose one's nerves 变得慌张，不知所措 lose one's temper 发怒，发脾气 lose sight of 看不见 lose faith in 对失去信任 lost one's balance 失去平衡；心慌意乱be made up of 由…组成，由…构成 major in 专攻，专修 make a difference有影响，有关系 make both ends meet 收支相抵，勉强维生，养家活口 make a display of把…炫耀一下