2016高三英语总复习 阶段测试（三） 北师大版

　　阶段测试三

　　本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。

　　第Ⅰ卷(三部分，共115分)

　　第一部分

　　听力(共两节，满分30分)

　　第一节:(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C 三个答案中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　1. What does the man advise the woman to do?

　　A. To buy a new car.

　　B. To get a second-hand car.

　　C. To save money for a long time.

　　2. What did the man do last Sunday?

　　A. He saw a play.

　　B. He acted in a play.

　　C. He went to the tea house.

　　3. What is the relationship between the speakers?

　　A. They are friends.

　　B. They are strangers.

　　C. They are brother and sister.

　　4. What are the two speakers talking about?

　　A. A fine boat.

　　B. Their friend, Tom.

　　C. The weather.

　　5. What will the woman do this evening?

　　A. Meet her Mum at the airport.

　　B. Say good-bye to her Mum at the airport.

　　C. Fly to another city together with her Mum.

　　第二节:(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C 三个答案中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间来阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

　　6. Where does the conversation take place?

　　A. In a store.

　　B. In a factory.

　　C. In a museum.

　　7. What is the most probable result of the conversation?

　　A. The man got his radio repaired.

　　B. The man got a new receipt.

　　C. The man got a new radio.

　　听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

　　8. When is Alice’s birthday?

　　A. The next day.

　　B. The day after next.

　　C. The day they had the talk.

　　9. What will the man and the woman buy for Alice?

　　A. A record.

　　B. Some flowers.

　　C. A box of chocolate.

　　听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

　　10. Where did Sue spend the nights in the country?

　　A. In a farm house.

　　B. In the open.

　　C. At a hotel.

　　11. What was the weather like in the country?

　　A. It snowed a lot.

　　B. It rained nearly every day.

　　C. There was a lot of sunshine.

　　12. What did Sue think of the people in the country?

　　A. They were tall. B. They were strange.

　　C. They were friendly.

　　听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

　　13. Where were Kate and Tom?

　　A. In Kate’s office.

　　B. In Tom’s house.

　　C. In a classroom.

　　14. Why did Tom come into the room?

　　A. He worked there. B. He wanted to talk to Kate.

　　C. He wanted to have a letter typed.

　　15. What was Jane doing at that time?

　　A. She was taking a rest.

　　B. She was preparing for an exam.

　　C. She was taking an exam.

　　16. What will Kate do next year?

　　A. Go to Japan.

　　B. Change her job.

　　C. Go to night school.

　　听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

　　17. What did the man have to do in the morning?

　　A. He fed the chickens. B. He cleaned the bathroom.

　　C. He carried water for the family.

　　18. Why did the man go to school on foot?

　　A. No bus ran in that direction.

　　B. The school was near.

　　C. His family was poor.

　　19. What did the man do every Sunday?

　　A. He was taken to church three times.

　　B. He stayed at home all day.

　　C. He played in the street.

　　20. What can we learn from what the speaker said?

　　A. He is a retired teacher of history.

　　B. He thinks children were happier in the past.

　　C. He lives on a farm far away from cities.

　　听力答案

　　1—5 AABCB

　　6—10 ACBAB

　　11—15 CCACB

　　16—20 CACAB

　　听力材料

　　Text 1

　　W: I haven’t decided whether to buy a new car or try to find a second-hand one.

　　M: If you buy a new one, you’ll probably save money in the end.

　　Text 2

　　W: Did you go to the theatre last Saturday?

　　M: Yes, I saw “The Tea House”. The acting was excellent.

　　Text 3

　　M: Excuse me, madam.

　　W: Yes?

　　M: Does this bus go to Zhongshan Park?

　　W: Yes, I think so.

　　M: Thank you.

　　W: You’re welcome.

　　Text 4

　　M: I hope it’ll be fine tomorrow. I’m going boating with Tom.

　　W: Oh, I think it will be fine.

　　M: Are you sure?

　　W: Yes. I heard it on the radio.

　　Text 5

　　M: Shall we go to the cinema this evening?

　　W: Oh, sorry. I’m afraid I can’t. I’m seeing my Mum off at the airport at 7:30.

　　Text 6

　　W: Can I help you?

　　M: Yes. I bought this radio two days ago, but I’m afraid it doesn’t work. I’d like to change it for another one.

　　W: Oh, dear. Yes, of course. Have you got your receipt?

　　M: Yes, here it is.

　　W: Thank you. Just a moment, please.

　　Text 7

　　M: It’s Alice’s birthday tomorrow.

　　W: Are you sure? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.

　　M: Let me see. Oh, I’m sorry. You’re right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?

　　W: Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?

　　M: Flowers are lovely. But I think it’s better to buy her a nice box of chocolates.

　　W: Alice doesn’t like sweet things. Didn’t you know that?

　　M: You’re right. Er I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.

　　W: That’s a good idea. Let’s go to the music shop and choose one for her.

　　Text 8

　　M: Morning, Sue. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country?

　　W: Yes, thanks. We had a great time. And some friends went with us.

　　M: Where did you stay? In a hotel?

　　W: No, we camped in the mountains, near Snowdon. We cooked all our meals over an open fire.

　　M: Sounds wonderful. Was the weather good?

　　W: The sun shone nearly every day and it didn’t rain at all.

　　M: Did you like the people there?

　　W: Yes, they were great. We met some friends and had tea in their houses.

　　M: When did you get back? Last night?

　　W: No, this morning. You’ll think we were mad. We got up at 4:30, left at 5 and arrived here at 9. I’m so tired. What about you? Did you have a good weekend?

　　M: Yes, but I didn’t do much. I just stayed at home. The weather was terrible.

　　Text 9

　　(A knock at the door)

　　W: Come in, please.

　　M: Hello, Kate. Where’s Jane? I want her to type this letter for me.

　　W: I’m afraid she can’t, Tom. She isn’t working today.

　　M: Oh, why? Is she ill?

　　W: No, she’s studying for an exam.

　　M: An exam. Is she going to school?

　　W: Yes, she is? She’s learning Japanese in night school.

　　M: I see. Are you going to night school, too?

　　W: No, I’m not, not this year. But I’m thinking about taking a course next year.

　　M: That’s a good idea. Is it expensive?

　　W: No, not very. Anyway, it’s worth the money.

　　Text 10

　　Now, you want to know about life in the past, right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things were different. I had to get up at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but in winter, it was cold. And we didn抰 have any hot water in the house . We had to wash in cold water. We didn’t have a bathroom. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister. It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening. But it always seemed longer in the morning when we were going to school. There was a bus, but we didn’t have the money. And we had to go to bed at seven o’clock every night. We couldn’t watch TV because there wasn’t any. On Sundays we had to go to church three times—morning, afternoon and evening. And we couldn’t play outside on Sundays. But it wasn’t all bad. We had some good times. We could go out and our parents didn’t have to worry about us. There weren’t so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. And there were not robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren’t able to buy all those things in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don’t think I’d like to be young today.

　　第二部分

　　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

　　第一节

　　单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

　　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　21. — Would you mind me opening the window, sir?

　　— ________. I am feeling a bit chilly.

　　A. By all means

　　B. Not in the least

　　C. I’m afraid not

　　D. I’d rather you didn’t

　　答案 D

　　解析 句意：——你介意我打开窗户吗，先生？——最好别开。我感觉有点冷。A项表示“当然行，没问题”；B项表示“一点也不”；C项表示“我恐怕不”，都不符合语境。

　　22. I don’t drink, but today is ________ exception. Now let’s drink to ________ success of your team!

　　A. an; a B. /; the

　　C. the; / D. an; the

　　答案 D

　　解析 句意：我不喝酒，但今天是个例外。现在让我们为你们队的成功干杯!第一空，exception与不定冠词连用，泛指“一个例外”；第二空后的success为双方都了解的内容，故用定冠词the，表示特指。

　　23. I’d prefer to ________ my judgement until I know all the facts.

　　A. reserve B. observe

　　C. preserve D. deserve

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：在了解全部事实之前我希望保留判断。reserve“保留(某种权利)”符合句意。observe“观察；遵守”; preserve“保存；保护”; deserve“应受；应得”。

　　24. The progress of the work will depend on what the weather conditions are and________ modern the equipment is.

　　A. how B. whether

　　C. what D. which

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：这项工作的进展情况将取决于天气条件和设备的现代化程度。分析句子结构可知，depend on后接由and连接的两个宾语从句，根据句意可知，第二个宾语从句应用how引导，程度副词修饰modern。

　　25. — Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?

　　— I’m sorry. ________ will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.

　　A. Both B. None

　　C. Either D. Neither

　　答案 D

　　解析 从I’m sorry可知空处表示否定意义，且由空后内容可知，此处表示对两者的否定，neither意为“两者都不”，故选D项。句意：——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗?——对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。

　　26. Not only ________ to turn off the lights in the kitchen, but we also failed to lock the front door.

　　A. we forgot B. forgot we

　　C. did we forget D. we did forget

　　答案 C

　　解析 句意：我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯，而且也忘了锁前门。not only位于句首时，其后的成分要部分倒装，故选C项。B项为全部倒装，故排除。

　　27. His best movie, ________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.

　　A. it B. that

　　C. where D. which

　　答案 D

　　解析 句意：他最好的(那部)电影，获得了好几个奖，内容是关于甘地的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句的引导词，从句缺少主语，且先行词为物，故用which。

　　28. — In case anyone ________ come in my absence, tell him I will be back soon.

　　— Sure, I will.

　　A. would B. should

　　C. will D. shall

　　答案 B

　　解析 句意：——我离开期间万一有人来找我，告诉他我很快就回来。——好的。in case“假如；万一”引导条件状语从句，从句后用should do。

　　29. It takes about 30 minutes to go there by car, ________ on the traffic.

　　A. depending B. depended

　　C. to depend D. to be depended

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：开车到那里要大约30分钟，要视交通状况而定。depend on为固定短语，意为“取决于；依靠”，与形式主语It之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。

　　30. — The gas ________ on our way to the beach.

　　— That must have brought much trouble.

　　A. was given out B. has given out

　　C. had given out D. gave out

　　答案 D

　　解析 句意：——在我们去海滩的路上，汽油用光了。——那肯定带来了不少麻烦。分析语境可知，动作发生在过去，叙述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，排除B项和C项。give out作“用完”讲时，为不及物用法，故A项错误。

　　31. Determined not to fall behind, my deskmate now spends ________ as he used to on physics, his weakest subject.

　　A. twice as much time B. as twice much time

　　C. twice much time as D. as twice time much

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：下定决心不落后，我的同桌现在花在物理学科——他最弱的科目上的时间是以前的两倍。形容词的倍数表达方式之一是“倍数+as+adj.／adv.+as其他部分”。故答案为A。

　　32. Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will ________.

　　A. bring out B. bring down

　　C. bring about D. bring up

　　答案 C

　　解析 句意：很多人开始反思，我们付出这么多到国外留学是为了什么?这又会带来什么结果?bring about“导致；引起”，符合句意。bring out“出版；使显现”; bring down“降低”; bring up“抚养”。

　　33. It is predicted that it will be two weeks ________ the city’s public facilities, severely damaged in the hurricane, go back to normal.

　　A. before B. until

　　C. when D. since

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：据预测，在飓风中受到严重破坏的城市公共设施将在两周后恢复正常。it will be+时间段+before ...“还要多久才……”。

　　34. He is really nervous. He ________ back and forth all the night waiting for the results.

　　A. has been walking B. had walked

　　C. walked D. is walking

　　答案 A

　　解析 句意：他真的很紧张，整晚都在走来走去，等待着结果。根据“He is really nervous.”以及“all the night”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能还要继续下去。

　　35. — Good afternoon. I’m from the repair company. I received your call that there is something wrong with your air conditioner.

　　— ________. Come in please. The air conditioner is in the living room.

　　A. That’s right B. That’s OK

　　C. No problem D. My pleasure

　　答案 A

　　解析 根据语境可知，此处表示认可对方的话，故应用That’s right，意思是“没错”。That’s OK“没关系”；No problem“没问题”；My pleasure“(对别人的感谢的一种礼貌回答)不客气”。

　　第二节

　　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

　　阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake. The following __36__ may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering __37__ weakness.

　　A little boy felt sorry for a butterfly struggling to __38__ from its chrysalis(蛹). He decided to __39__ the butterfly. So he peeled(剥开) the chrysalis open for the butterfly. The little boy was so __40__ to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky. Then he was horrified __41__ he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and die because it did not have the muscle __42__ to keep flying. In fact, the butterfly’s struggle to __43__ the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.

　　Like the little boy, __44__ too often want to protect their children from struggle in the __45__ of love. They don’t realize that their children need to struggle, to experience __46__, to deal with disappointment, and to solve their own problems. Only in this way can children __47__ their emotional strength, become __48__ and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives. Children experiencing sufferings can __49__ the ups and downs of life.

　　However, it isn’t helpful either in this case when parents __50__ lectures(训斥), blame and shame to what the child is experiencing. Mothers __51__ to say, 揝top crying and acting like a spoiled boy. You can抰 always get what you want.?These __52__ words sn thould be avoided.

　　Instead, parents can offer loving support. You can say, “Don’t lose __53__. Be brave! You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough part — no __54__ and no lectures. Simply allow him to discover that he can get over his disappointment and __55__ what he can do to get what he wants in the future.

　　36. A. story B. proverb

　　C. saying D. experiment

　　37. A. damages B. burns

　　C. creates D. experiences

　　38. A. hear B. suffer

　　C. date D. emerge

　　39. A. kill B. feed

　　C. help D. rescue

　　40. A. excited B. moved

　　C. puzzled D. depressed

　　41. A. as B. since

　　C. before D. until

　　42. A. power B. energy

　　C. strength D. force

　　43. A. come up with B. do away with

　　C. get along with D. break away from

　　44. A. teachers B. parents

　　C. relatives D. friends

　　45. A. case B. charge

　　C. name D. course

　　46. A. friendships B. scholarships

　　C. relationships D. hardships

　　47. A. strengthen B. require

　　C. get D. achieve

　　48. A. warm-hearted B. strong-willed

　　C. absent-minded D. cold-blooded

　　49. A. expect B. predict

　　C. survive

　　D. avoid

　　50. A. add B. adapt

　　C. devote D. contribute

　　51. A. pretend B. happen

　　C. tend D. seem

　　52. A. discouraging B. inspiring

　　C. interesting D. touching

　　53. A. heart B. face

　　C. sight D. weight

　　54. A. parking B. smoking

　　C. drinking D. rescuing

　　55. A. figure out B. carry out

　　C. rule out D. drop out

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　本文为议论文。作者认为父母在培养孩子的过程中要让孩子吃点苦头。孩子在经受磨难，经历痛苦之后才能成熟，才能变得坚强，今后才会成为栋梁之材。

　　36．答案 A

　　解析 由下文可知作者讲了一个故事来阐述这个道理，故选A项。

　　37．答案 C

　　解析 由下文可知，使孩子不受任何苦难的教育将导致孩子软弱无能。故选C项。

　　38．答案 D

　　解析 emerge from意为“从……中出现；露出”，符合语境。

　　39．答案 C

　　解析 由下文小男孩剥开了蛹可知，他决定帮助这个蝴蝶。

　　40．答案 A

　　解析 当这个小男孩看到蝴蝶展开翅膀，飞向天空时他感到非常兴奋。

　　41．答案 A

　　解析 as引导一个时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。

　　42．答案 C

　　解析 strength指“力气；力量”，强调体力，符合语境。

　　43．答案 D

　　解析 break away from意为“逃脱；挣脱”，符合语境。事实上，蝴蝶挣扎着破茧而出会使其更强壮。come up with“提出；想出”; do away with“废除”; get along with“进展；与……相处”。

　　44．答案 B

　　解析 根据后面的“protect their children from struggle”可知，答案为B项。

　　45．答案 C

　　解析 像这个小男孩一样，父母们以爱的名义想保护孩子免受挣扎之痛。in the name of意为“以……的名义”，符合语境。

　　46．答案 D

　　解析 孩子需要吃点苦头(才能成才)。故选hardships，意为“艰难；困苦”。

　　47．答案 A

　　解析 只有这样孩子们才能增强(strengthen)他们的情感力量。

　　48．答案 B

　　解析 strong-willed意为“意志坚强的”，切合语境。warm-hearted“热心的”; absent-minded“心不在焉的”; cold-blooded“冷血无情的”。

　　49．答案 C

　　解析 经历苦难的孩子可以经受住人生的浮沉。survive意为“生存；存活”，符合语境。

　　50．答案 A

　　解析 然而，在这种情况下，训斥、责骂甚至羞辱孩子毫无益处。add ... to ... 意为“把……加到……上面”，符合语境。

　　51．答案 C

　　解析 母亲们通常会说：“不要再哭了，不要做起事来像个被宠坏的孩子。你不可能总能得到你想要的。”tend意为“往往会；经常会”，符合语境。

　　52．答案 A

　　解析 从前一句可知这些话都是一些使人泄气的话语，应当避免。故选A项。discouraging“令人泄气的”。

　　53．答案 A

　　解析 lose heart意为“灰心丧气”，符合语境。

　　54．答案 D

　　解析 前面讲到要让孩子吃点苦头，不要动不动就当他们的救星，拯救他们于苦难之中。故选D项。

　　55．答案 A

　　解析 只是要让他发现他可以克服失望，并想清楚他做什么才能得到未来想要的东西。figure out意为“弄清楚；搞明白”，符合语境。carry out“执行”； rule out“排除……的可能性”； drop out“退学；退出”。

　　第三部分

　　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

　　第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Some people act sick to get out of work. Others act to get work. For medical actors like Ted Bell, the stage is an examination room with a future doctor, nurse or other health care professional.

　　Mr. Bell is playing a 55-year-old patient with stomach pains that began three months ago. Ted Bell is just playing a teacher. But in a way he really does teach. He helps students like Emily Tyrrell at the University of Maryland School of Nursing learn to work with patients.

　　In real life, Mr. Bell is a retired civil engineer. He now works as what is known as a “standardized patient”. He stays busy working at local medical schools. About 700 standardized patients work in the area. Pay starts at 17 dollars an hour. It can go as high as 35 dollars an hour depending on the project.

　　Becoming a standardized patient does not require medical knowledge. The schools provide the training. Nor does it require acting experience. In fact, standardized patient Tom Wyatt is a professional actor — yet he does not even think of his work with the students as acting.

　　Standardized patients spend hours training for each of their “performances”. They have to remember the medical history of the person they are playing and be able to answer questions as if they were really sick. Tom Wyatt says remembering all the patients he has to play and their conditions can be difficult.

　　After each session the standardized patients talk to the students to discuss their performance — that is, the performance of the students.

　　Kurt Haspert is studying to become a nurse practitioner(从业护士). He said: “It is always good to work with the standardized patients because it keeps you thinking about how your thought process has to go, and how you can narrow down your differential diagnosis while you’re asking questions.”

　　The actors enjoy it too. Retired engineer Ted Bell says the students find the experience very helpful, and that makes him feel good.

　　56. What is Mr. Bell doing at present?

　　A. Working as a doctor.

　　B. Acting a patient.

　　C. Working as an engineer.

　　D. Teaching in a school.

　　57. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. Standardized patients work with doctors in the hospital.

　　B. There are 700 standardized patients all over the world.

　　C. Standardized patients can get money for their performances.

　　D. Standardized patients don’t need to answer the students’ questions.

　　58. From the passage we can infer that in order to become a standardized patient ________.

　　A. acting experience must be needed

　　B. medical knowledge must be required

　　C. one must receive the training

　　D. one must be a professional actor

　　59. From the last paragraph we know that ________.

　　A. it is not easy to act a patient

　　B. the students benefit a lot by working with the actors

　　C. the performance of the students is judged by the actors

　　D. the students discuss their own performance with the actors

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　有的人装病来逃避工作，有的人装病而获得工作。泰德·贝尔就是以扮演病人为工作的人。

　　【长难句解读】

　　They have to remember the medical history of the person they are playing and be able to answer questions as if they were really sick．

　　分析：该句的基本结构是They have to remember ... and be able to ...：they are playing是限制性定语从句，修饰the person；as if引导的是方式状语从句。

　　译文：他们要记住自己扮演的病人的病史，并能回答相应的问题，就像真的生病了一样。

　　56．答案 B

　　解析 根据前三段的内容可知，泰德·贝尔现在的工作是扮演病人。

　　57．答案 C

　　解析 根据第三段最后两句可知，标准化病人可以通过扮演病人获得相应的报酬。根据第三段第三句可知A项错误，根据第三段第四句可知B项错误，根据第五段第二句可知D项错误。

　　58．答案 C

　　解析 根据第四段中的“The schools provide the training.”可推知，要成为一个标准化病人，培训是必需的。

　　59．答案 B

　　解析 根据最后一段中的“Ted Bell says the students find the experience very helpful ...”可知，学生们与这些扮演病人的人一起工作获益不少，所以选B。

　　Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers, many of whom may have no specific scientific training, perform or manage research-related tasks such as observation, measurement or computation.

　　An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst. Over the past six growing seasons, Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers. They record when local plants develop their leaves, flowers and fruit. The observations go into a huge database. Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time. Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly.

　　For example, people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a star. People can examine satellite images of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan, the Mongolian warrior and ruler. Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present. Thousands of Americans and Canadians volunteered to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch. Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water. Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen, a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma. It keeps track of pollutants in Puget Sound.

　　Some people, including scientists, still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data. New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality, and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science.

　　Public health research is another area where average citizens are getting involved — in some cases, whether researchers like it or not. The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done. There is even a saying for this kind of activism: “No more research about us without us.”

　　60. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To introduce a science project.

　　B. To introduce a science experiment.

　　C. To introduce a way to do research.

　　D. To introduce a new term “citizen science”.

　　61. Who are the participants involved in citizen science?

　　A. Professional scientists who have retired.

　　B. The public showing interest in some science projects.

　　C. Citizens who have specific scientific training.

　　D. Students wanting to be scientists.

　　62. According to the passage, if you are interested in plants, you may take part in ________.

　　A. Project BudBurst B. Project FeederWatch

　　C. SoundCitizen D. public health research

　　63. From Paragraph 3, we can infer that ________.

　　A. citizen science develops quickly and includes many fields

　　B. there is no need for professional scientists to do research

　　C. observation is the only method to do citizen science

　　D. citizen science has grown in testing water

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。

　　【长难句解读】

　　Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers, many of whom may have no specific scientific training, perform or manage research-related tasks such as observation, measurement or computation．

　　分析：定语从句“in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers ... or computation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projects or ongoing programs of scientific work”，这一定语从句的主语“individual volunteers or networks of volunteers”又被many of whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。

　　译文：公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中许多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学研究有关的一些任务，如观察、测量或计算。

　　60．答案 D

　　解析 文章第一段作者开门见山介绍了citizen science，而且后文又介绍了一些普通公民参与的科学活动。由此可知D项正确。

　　61．答案 B

　　解析 根据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有兴趣的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。

　　62．答案 A

　　解析 根据第二段中的“They record when local plants develop their leaves， flowers and fruit ... Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time．”可知答案为A。

　　63．答案 A

　　解析 根据第二段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizen science发展迅速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。

　　SYDNEY, Australia January, 2012 — The holidays bring Australians good cheer, sweet treats and an endless supply of desserts. Whilst it is natural for people to eat, drink and be merry during the holidays, research has shown that Christmas is making celebrators gain weight. Although one study has found that the holiday period only contributed an extra 360 grams of fat to each individual, researchers have stated that Christmas fat usually sticks around long after December 25. One Sydney naturopath reveals a healthy weight loss program that really works, even on that stubborn Christmas fat.

　　Hayden Keys, Business Owner and Naturopath at Happy & Healthy Wellbeing Centre, started the business in 2005 to help patients regain health through natural methods. “I wanted to help them actually improve their health not just lose weight,” he says. “My passion is food, nutrition, health and fitness and I wanted to show patients how well they can feel if they get back to basic fundamentals — fresh food, clean water, clean air and exercise. I wanted to inspire people to believe that they too can have a happy and healthy life — not just a quick ‘weight loss fix’.”

　　Happy & Healthy Wellbeing Centre provides a safe, effective and natural way to achieve and maintain weight loss. Hayden suggests that not all weight gain is due to overindulging at Christmas time. The naturopathic approach employed at Happy & Healthy Wellbeing Centre doesn抰 just focus on weight loss; its goal is to make patients healthier by identifying key nutritional, hormonal and lifestyle imbalances and correcting them ?the great 搒ide effect?of this 揾ealthy-first?approach is that peopley & He also lose weight.

　　64. According to the passage, Christmas fat usually ________.

　　A. is easy to lose

　　B. is hard to deal with

　　C. arouses wide concern

　　D. disappears after December 25

　　65. Which of the following agrees with Hayden Keys’s idea?

　　A. It’s of the first importance for people to lose weight.

　　B. People can’t lose weight healthily.

　　C. People shouldn’t lose weight at the risk of one’s health.

　　D. All weight gain is due to overeating during the holidays.

　　66. Which of the following about the naturopathic approach at Happy & Healthy Wellbeing Centre is TRUE?

　　A. It places great stress on weight loss.

　　B. It has bad influence on people.

　　C. It makes people lose weight healthily.

　　D. It stops people from overeating.

　　67. What does the underlined phrase “side effect” in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A. Nutritional imbalance.

　　B. Lifestyle disorder.

　　C. Weight gain.

　　D. Weight loss.

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　你因在圣诞节假期吃得过多而长胖吗?作者介绍了一个倡导健康减肥的机构及其健康减肥的方法。

　　64．答案 B

　　解析 根据第一段中的“Christmas fat usually sticks around long after December 25．”以及“... that stubborn Christmas fat.”可推知答案。

　　65．答案 C

　　解析 根据第二段尤其是“I wanted to help them actually improve their health not just lose weight ...”和第二段最后一句话可推知答案。

　　66．答案 C

　　解析 根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“... doesn’t just focus on weight loss; its goal is to make patients healthier ...”可知，这种自然疗法可以让人们健康减肥。

　　67．答案 D

　　解析 根据第三段中的划线词所在句的后半部分“... is that people also lose weight”可知，此处的side effect指的是减肥。

　　Cathy Hutchinson has not been able to move her arms, legs or speak since suffering a stroke nearly fifteen years ago. Recently, she learned how to control a robotic arm using her thoughts. She now can use brain activity to serve herself a drink. The American woman is one of the two people who took part in a research project known as BrainGate2. The researchers have spent years studying how to help people like Cathy Hutchinson regain movement.

　　People who are paralyzed (瘫痪的) have their brain disconnected from their body. The idea of the project is to bypass that damaged nervous system. The two paralyzed people had small sensors connected to the part of the brain that controls movement. The devices measured brain activity and sent that information to a computer. The computer has special software that turns the information into digital commands for operating other devices. The researchers used a highl developed robotic arm to recreate human actions.

　　John Donoghue is a neuroscientist at Brown University, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. He was part of the project. He says the latest development of using robotic arms is a major victory. A video of the latest experiment shows Cathy Hutchinson using the robotic arm to pick up a cup of coffee. She guides the cup toward her mouth, moves it forward and drinks through a straw. Lead investigator Leigh Hochberg says the first time she did it was a magical moment. He said, “It was an incredible moment to see her with that robotic arm reach out and pick up that cup of coffee and serve herself that coffee for the first time in nearly fifteen years.”

　　The research team carried out almost two hundred tests with two different robotic arms. The two individuals were able to pick up their target objects forty-three to sixty-six percent of the time. The researchers are calling the information very promising. But they say it will take years to fully develop the technology for everyday use.

　　68. The research project BrainGate2 aims to ________.

　　A. help people make better use of their brain

　　B. help paralyzed people master computer skills

　　C. help people make better use of their arms and legs

　　D. help paralyzed people serve themselves

　　69. In the project, researchers used small sensors on the two paralyzed people to ________.

　　a. measure their brain activity

　　b. receive digital commands

　　c. send information to a computer

　　d. turn information into digital commands

　　A. a-b B. b-c

　　C. a-c D. c-d

　　70. According to the last paragraph, we can learn that the technology ________.

　　A. is very easy to be fully developed

　　B. is very disappointing to the researchers

　　C. will only be used by rich people at first

　　D. cannot be developed for everyday use in the near future

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　研究人员用传感器把两名瘫痪者的大脑和电脑连接起来，使他们能够操控机器人手臂，进而重获行动能力。

　　68．答案 D

　　解析 根据第一段的内容可知，这个项目是为了帮助瘫痪的人重获行动能力。

　　69．答案 C

　　解析 根据第二段中的“The devices measured brain activity and sent that information to a computer．”可知，传感器是用来测量大脑活动并把获得的信息发送到电脑上的。

　　70．答案 D

　　解析 根据最后一段中的“But they say it will take years to fully develop the technology for everyday use．”可知，发展这种技术并应用于日常生活中仍需要很长的时间。

　　第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　How to Study

　　When you sit down to study, how do you transfer that massive amount of information from the books and notes in front of you to a reliable spot inside your head? __71__

　　1. Manage your time.

　　Make a weekly schedule and devote a certain amount of time per day to studying. This will improve your grades also. __72__

　　2. Study in 20-50 minutes chunks.

　　It takes time for your brain to form new long-term memory, and you can抰 just keep studying flat out. Take a 5-10 minutes?break minimum and do something physically active to get your blood flowing and make you more alert. __73__ Do just enough to get moyourself pumped, but not worn out.

　　3. Make enough time in your schedule to get enough sleep.

　　__74__ That doesn’t sound like a very good deal. Get a good night’s sleep every night and you’ll make the best of your study time. If you end up a little sleep deprived despite your best efforts, take a short nap (20 minutes) before studying.

　　4. __75__

　　Don’t just read the material from beginning to end. Stop to memorize each new fact as you come to it. New information is acquired much more easily when you can relate it to materials that you already know.

　　A. Study more and sleep less?

　　B. The best way to facilitate that kind of “file transfer” is to develop good study habits, as outlined below.

　　C. That amount varies depending on whether you’re in high school or college, and also varies by the field of study.

　　D. If you follow your weekly schedule, you will succeed.

　　E. Learn the new facts first.

　　F. Do a few jumping jacks, run around your house, whatever it takes.

　　G. Listen to some music, watch TV for a short time, whatever it takes.

　　答案与解析

　　【解题导语】

　　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了几个好的学习习惯。

　　71．答案 B

　　解析 从文章篇章结构分析，本空应选择一个主旨句概括下面几个要点，B项中的“as outlined below”是一个重要提示，故选B。

　　72．答案 C

　　解析 第二段主要是讲“Manage your time”，意思为“制订一个周计划并每天花一定时间学习”。C项紧接着上文表明每天花的时间应因不同情况而不同，语意连贯，故选C。

　　73．答案 F

　　解析 空前的一句话中提到要做一些活动使血液流畅，使自己更机敏。F项中的活动与上文衔接，语意连贯，故选F项。干扰项G项内容与上文中的“something physically active”不符。

　　74．答案 A

　　解析 根据本空后面的“That doesn’t sound like a very good deal．”和下文内容可知，本段主要讲睡觉和学习时间的关系，故应选A。

　　75．答案 E

　　解析 从文章结构上很容易看出此空应与前几个要点并列，必须为祈使句，同时又应与本段强调的内容“new fact”相对应，故答案选E。

　　第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共35分)

　　第四部分

　　写作(共两节，满分35分)

　　第一节

　　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Having been drunk too much, Alfred was driving along the country road at top speed while his car ran into an old man who was walking across the road. After looking around and thought there was not a single person seeing the accident, he drives off without taking the old man to the hospital. The old man was frightened and kept the car number on his mind. About one month late, they went to court. Alfred’s lawyer said, “Alfred is experienced driver of more than 20 years.” “If experiences can prove that, here, you see, the old man had walked safely for over 60 years,” the old man’s lawyer replied.

　　答案与解析

　　Having been drunk too much, Alfred was driving along the country road at top speed while his car ran into an old man who was walking across the road. After

　　when

　　looking around and thought there was not a single person seeing the accident, he

　　thinking

　　drives off without taking the old man to the hospital. The old man was frightened and

　　drove

　　but

　　kept the car number on his mind. About one month late, they went to court. Alfred’s

　　in

　　later

　　lawyer said, “Alfred is∧experienced driver of more than 20 years.” “If experiences

　　an

　　experience

　　can prove that, here, you see, the old man had walked safely for over 60 years,” the

　　has

　　old man’s lawyer replied.

　　第一处：答案 去掉been。

　　解析 此处表示喝了太多的酒，并非表示“醉酒状态”，故been多余，应删掉。

　　第二处：答案 while改为when。

　　解析 be doing sth．when ... 表示“正在做某事，这时……”；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的。

　　第三处：答案 thought改为thinking。

　　解析 该空作介词After的宾语且与前面的looking并列，故应用动词的ing形式。

　　第四处：答案 drives改为drove。

　　解析 此处叙述的是已经发生的事情，且根据there后面的was可知，此处应用一般过去时。

　　第五处：答案 and改为but。

　　解析 “老人吓坏了，但是记住了车牌号”。根据上下文语境可知，此处是转折关系。

　　第六处：答案 on改为in。

　　解析 keep sth. in one’s mind是固定搭配，表示“某人将……记在心中”。

　　第七处：答案 late改为later。

　　解析 late表示“迟到的；已故的”；later表示“后来；随后”。

　　第八处：答案 is后加an。

　　解析 此处表示“一个经验丰富的司机”，driver是可数名词，且experienced的读音是以元音音素开头的，故应在experienced前加不定冠词an。

　　第九处：答案 experiences改为experience。

　　解析 此处experience指的是“经验”，为不可数名词。

　　第十处：答案 had改为has。

　　解析 此处表示的是，到现在为止，老人已经安全地走了六十多年了。

　　第二节

　　书面表达(满分25分)

　　中国的计划生育政策已实行多年，现在大部分的家庭都只有一个孩子，这引发了一系列相关的问题。你希望自己是父母唯一的孩子还是希望有兄弟姐妹?为什么?请以李华的名义，就此话题向《21世纪报》投稿，说说你的看法。词数：100左右。开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear editor，

　　Under the influence of family planning policy， more and more families have an only child．_________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　【思路导航】

　　根据本题的要求，首先要点明自己的观点，再说明原因。写作时应注意论据的合理性，注重关联词的使用和句式、用词的多样性，同时注意时态和人称的准确性。

　　【范文赏读】

　　Dear editor,

　　Under the influence of family planning policy, more and more families have an only child. With time going by, I am crazy about having a brother or a sister．

　　I think it will benefit me a lot. First, I won’t feel lonely any longer. I have a good companion and that will enrich my life, making it lively and interesting. Besides, he or she can help me overcome many difficulties in my life. I can seek advice from him or her. In every stage of life he or she can help me but ask for nothing in return. What specially counts is that having a brother or a sister can promote all-round development of children, benefiting them both physically and mentally. Equally important is that having a brother or a sister can ease the burden in the future — looking after old parents when they are old or get ill. But for an only child, it is a tiring job.

　　I do hope the government can find some suitable ways to perfect the family planning policy, making a more harmonious society and making people live a better life.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【亮点点击】

　　本篇范文较好地完成了写作要求，用词准确，句意连贯。关联词使用恰当，层次清晰；较好地使用了非谓语动词，提升了文章档次；句式、用词多变，不单调，如be crazy about, ask for nothing in return, what specially counts, ease the burden等；倒装句式Equally important is that .... 也是一大亮点。