近日,国务院办公厅印发《生产者责任延伸制度推行方案》(以下简称《方案》)。
《方案》指出,实施生产者责任延伸制度,把生产者对其产品承担的资源环境责任从生产环节延伸到产品设计、流通消费、回收利用、废物处置等全生命周期,是加快生态文明建设和绿色循环低碳发展的内在要求,对推进供给侧结构性改革和制造业转型升级具有积极意义。
The State Council has issued China's extended producer responsibility (EPR) plan in order to better protect resources and the environment.
国务院印发生产者责任延伸制度推行方案,以更好地保护资源和环境。
The plan requires producers to be responsible in resource consumption and adhere to environmental protection standards throughout the life of the product, rather than just focusing on the manufacturing process.
方案要求生产者对资源消耗负起责任,在产品的全生命周期都坚持环保标准,而不只是关注生产环节。
生产者责任延伸(extended producer responsibility,EPR)一词是最早由瑞典隆德大学的托马斯·林赫斯特在1988年提出,认为生产者的责任应该延伸到整个产品的生命周期(producer responsibility should extend throughout the life cycles of the products)。
欧盟把生产者延伸责任定义为“生产者必须承担产品使用完毕后的回收、再生和处理的责任(making the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life-cycle of the product and especially for the take-back, recycling and final disposal)”。此政策的目标是鼓励生产者通过产品设计和工艺技术的改进(improvement in product design and technology),在产品生命周期的每个阶段(即生产、使用和使用寿命终结后),努力防止污染的产生,并减少资源的使用。
《方案》将生产者责任延伸的范围界定为开展生态设计(ecological design)、使用再生原料(use of renewable materials)、规范回收利用(regulating recycle and reuse)和加强信息公开(information disclosure)等四个方面,率先对电器电子(electronics)、汽车(automobiles)、铅蓄电池(lead acid batteries )和包装物(packing products)等产品实施生产者责任延伸制度,并明确了各类产品的工作重点。
《方案》提出,到2020年,生产者责任延伸制度相关政策体系初步形成(an EPR policy framework should begin to take shape),产品生态设计取得重大进展,重点品种的废弃产品规范回收与循环利用率平均达到40%。到2025年,生产者责任延伸制度相关法律法规基本完善(relevant laws and regulations shall be formed),产品生态设计普遍推行,重点产品的再生原料使用比例达到20%,废弃产品规范回收与循环利用率平均达到50%(the waste recycling rate in China should reach 50 percent on average)。
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