2016高考英语（江苏专用）全程复习方略 课时提升 作业十四：Unit2 The environment（牛津译林版必修5） Word版含解析

　　课时提升作业(十四)

　　必修　UnitⅠ. 单项填空

　　1. (原创)One valuable tip for graduates is that firstduring a job interview really counts.

　　A. expression

　　B. attention

　　C. satisfaction

　　D. impression

　　2. The experts have given some practical advice _______ the problems that most people are concerned about in food safety.

　　A. in charge of

　　B. in terms of

　　C. in spite of

　　D. in regard to

　　3. The annual _______ of temperatures in the north can be from 30℃ to 40℃, which we seldom see in the south.

　　A. range

　　B. concern

　　C. diversity

　　D. level

　　4. There was a feeling in me _______ he was not telling the truth to us.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. why

　　5. (2016·福州模拟)I appreciatethe opportunity to work in your company two years ago.

　　A. giving

　　B. to give

　　C. being given

　　D. to be given

　　6. _______ is no doubt that the Dallas Mavericks will defeat the Washington Wizards in the next game.

　　A. It

　　B. As

　　C. That

　　D. There

　　7. (2016·阆中模拟)It would be very short-sighted to hold thethat our present good fortune will last forever.

　　A. advice

　　B. demand

　　C. belief

　　D. determination

　　8. When my visa _______, I had to come back.

　　A. ran out

　　B. put out

　　C. stood out

　　D. pointed out

　　9. Several severe traffic accidents occurred on the highway due to the heavy fog, _______ a couple dead and many people seriously injured.

　　A. left

　　B. to leave

　　C. leaving

　　D. having left

　　10. On the floor _______ a pile of dirty clothes and baby toys, newspapers and magazines. The room is in a total mess.

　　A. lay

　　B. were laid

　　C. have placed

　　D. had collected

　　11. She was found sitting in her wheelchair, completely _______ in a fashion magazine her son had just bought.

　　A. absorbing

　　B. being absorbed

　　C. absorbed

　　D. to absorb

　　12. Every day he _______ three bottles of alcohol, which has done great harm to his health.

　　A. consumes

　　B. conducts

　　C. converts

　　D. convinces

　　13. It is easy to _______ my car from others in the parking lot. It has an advertisement for a car company on its back.

　　A. let out

　　B. give out

　　C. pick out

　　D. run out

　　14. The room _______ 10 meters across is large enough for a single man to live in.

　　A. measuring

　　B. measures

　　C. to be measured

　　D. measured

　　15. You are somewhat _______ about his work. After all, he is fresh here.

　　A. curious

　　B. particular

　　C. concerned

　　D. cautious

　　Ⅱ. 阅读理解

　　A study published in today’s edition of the Science finds that，overall，species are moving to higher latitudes(纬度)at 10. 5 miles per decade. The rate is two or three times faster than when it was last measured in 2003. “The climate is shifting everything towards the north and higher latitudes，”says Chris Thomas，the author on the paper and a professor at the University of York in the United Kingdom. “Animals，plants and insects closer to the equator are starting to find it too hot and are retreating upwards. ”

　　The study was an analysis covering 764 species moving north or south depending on which hemisphere(半球)they were in. Although each species moved at different rates and some even moved towards the equator，overall the strong trend was towards the poles. For the most part，it’s not that animals are walking，hopping or winging their way north，Thomas says. Rather，individuals at a species’ southernmost range are breeding(繁殖)less successfully while individuals in that same species’ northernmost range are breeding more successfully. The result is that the entire species moves up.

　　“There is practically no basis to doubt the fact that species are shifting as a function of rapidly changing climate. ” says Jeremy Kerr, a professor of biology at the University of Ottawa in Canada, who did not participate in the study. One species Kerr studies is the bog copper, a beautiful little butterfly that appears to practically be on an expressway to the North Pole. It has moved more than 90 miles north in the past decade.

　　For farmers，what crops they grow and livestock they keep is also beginning to shift, says Philip Thornton，an agricultural economist in Nairobi，Kenya. In Africa，small farms are changing the kinds of animals they keep. In Northern Kenya，there is a move in some places away from the traditional cattle to camels，which are more drought resistant；the price of adult camels there is increasing quite rapidly. (367W)

　　1. Which picture can describe the result of the study? 2. According to the third paragraph，we can learn a fact that.

　　A. the animals are moving northwards so fast

　　B. there are too many species at poles

　　C. fewer babies are born in the south

　　D. not all animals move to higher latitudes

　　3. The example of the bog copper is mentioned to tell us that it _______.

　　A. can fly as fast as an express

　　B. is moving northwards at a high speed

　　C. blocks the way towards the North Pole

　　D. prefers to travel on an expressway

　　4. In the last paragraph，farmers prefer camels _______.

　　A. because of the size’s changes of their farms

　　B. as a result of changing climate

　　C. with the purpose of earning more money

　　D. due to the changes in crop growing

　　5. We can infer from the passage that _______.

　　A. immediate action has been taken to prevent the immigration

　　B. rare animals can only be found at poles in not so far future

　　C. it is natural for species to adapt themselves to the environment

　　D. changes in climate make no difference to people’s life

　　Ⅲ. 任务型阅读

　　请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted (走神) by e-mail, the Internet or other things throughout the day? “People often lose their concentration when they are bored, of course, but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks, ” says Peter Bregman. “They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what’s difficult or boring, so they jump out, ” he says. The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain’s emotional center. Any strong emotion—quarrels with colleagues, problems at home—can interrupt our attention. Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction.

　　Refocusing is hard for many people. Robert Epstein suggests the following, “Stop and listen to music for a few minutes. Go for a short walk or take a deep breath, where you breathe in deeply, count to five slowly, hold it and breathe out very slowly. ” This can “blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus. ”

　　Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors. “Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness, ”Mr. Bregman says, “You have to inform yourself that you’ve lost focus in order to do something about it. ” Starting the day with a to-do list is important, such as when to eat, when to go to the gym or take a walk. But if it’s overly ambitious, you will put yourself in a state of anxiety, which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate. “Choosing three or four things as your priority (优先) for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus, ” he says.

　　Topic How to become more (1) ______ on the work?

　　(2) ______ of getting distracted ·People tend to get away from things that they’re (3) ______ up with.

　　·Strong (4) ______ affect the brain’ s part for attention.

　　·People get distracted easily if (5) ______ multitasks at a time.

　　(6) _______ of strong emotions ·having a (7) ______ with a colleague.

　　·meeting with problems at home.

　　Tips on holding attention ·Stop working to restore your focus by (8) ______ your breath and try different relaxing things.

　　·(9) ______ your time effectively and create awareness of your behaviors.

　　·Make a to-do list at the beginning of a working day.

　　·Focus on three or four things and get them done (10) ______ for the day.

　　【语篇随练】

　　根据阅读理解翻译句子

　　1. The climate is shifting everything towards the north and higher latitudes.

　　【译】2. There is practically no basis to doubt the fact that species are shifting as a function of rapidly changing climate.

　　【译】1.【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：对于毕业生而言一个有价值的提示是面试中的第一印象非常重要。impression 印象，与句意相符。expression 表达；attention 注意力，关心；satisfaction 满意。

　　2. 【解析】选D。考查介词短语。句意：就大多数人所关心的食品安全方面的问题，专家们给出了一些实际的建议。in charge of负责；in terms of 根据，就……而言；in spite of 不管，不顾；in regard to 关于，至于。由句意知D项正确。

　　3. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意：北方气温的年度变化范围有可能达30℃ 到 40℃，这在南方很少看到。range 范围；concern 关心，关注；diversity 差异，多样性；level 水平。由句意可知，选A。

　　【变式备选】

　　(2016·嘉峪关模拟)All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating thethey keep from someone they talk with.

　　A. distance

　　B. scope

　　C. range

　　D. boundary

　　【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意：所有的人在控制他们和与之谈话的人之间所保持的距离时都有一个舒适的范围。keep a distance from sb. 与某人保持距离，与句意相符；scope 范围，余地；视野；range 范围，幅度；boundary 边界；分界线，界限。

　　4. 【解析】选C。考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：我内心有一种感觉，他不是在对我们说实话。句中的名词feeling之后为同位语从句，句子成分完整，用that来引导。

　　5.【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：两年前我得到在你的公司工作的机会，我对此非常感激。appreciate表示“感激”，其后通常接动名词作宾语，而句中的动词give表示被动意义，故选C项。

　　【变式备选】

　　Outstanding as the young man is, his talents are not fullyin the company.

　　A. approached

　　B. appreciated

　　C. arranged

　　D. applied

　　【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：尽管这个年轻人非常优秀，但是他的才能并没有在公司内完全受到赏识。approach 接近，靠近；appreciate 感激，欣赏，赏识；arrange安排；apply 应用。由句意可知选B。

　　6. 【解析】选D。There is no doubt that. . . 是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。

　　【知识拓展】doubt后接从句的用法小结

　　(1)doubt作动词后接宾语从句

　　①在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。例如：

　　I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.

　　我相信他能按时完成任务。

　　Do you doubt that she will succeed?

　　你怀疑她会成功吗？

　　②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如：

　　I doubt whether they can swim across the river.

　　我怀疑他们能否游过河去。

　　He doubts if she will keep her word.

　　他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。

　　注意：在肯定句中，doubt后面也可以接that引导的宾语从句，但表示疑虑较大或“不相信”。例如：

　　We doubt that they can complete the work ahead of time. 我们不相信他们能提前完成这项工作。

　　(2)doubt作名词后接同位语从句

　　①doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。例如：

　　There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter. 毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。

　　②doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用if替换whether。例如：

　　There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.

　　他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。

　　7.【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意：持有我们现在的好运气将永远持续下去的想法将是非常目光短浅的。advice 建议；demand 要求；belief 信念，观念；determination 决心。hold a belief that. . . 有……的观念/认识。故选C。

　　8.【解析】选A。考查动词短语。run out用完，(文件、协议等)失效、到期；put out扑灭；stand out突出；point out指出。句意：我的签证到期时，我不得不回来。

　　9.【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于大雾，公路上发生了数起严重的交通事故，结果造成了一对夫妇死亡，许多人严重受伤。句中的leaving a couple dead and many people seriously injured为现在分词作状语，表示结果。

　　10. 【解析】选A。考查完全倒装句。句意：地板上放着一堆脏衣服、婴儿玩具、报纸和杂志。房间里乱七八糟。句首On the floor为表示方位的介词短语，故句子要用完全倒装形式。lay表示“位于”，是lie的过去式形式。

　　【变式备选】

　　The child tiptoed quietly to the bird, butinto the forest when he was about to catch it.

　　A. flew it away

　　B. away flew it

　　C. away it flew

　　D. flew away it

　　【解析】选C。考查句子语序。句意：那个孩子蹑手蹑脚地朝鸟儿走去，但是当他要抓它的时候，鸟儿飞进了森林。题干中的away虽然是表示方位的副词放在句首，但句子的主语是代词it, 故主谓不用倒装结构。

　　11.【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：她被发现坐在轮椅上，完全专注于儿子刚买的一本时尚杂志。be absorbed in 表示“专注于，全神贯注于”，此处过去分词短语在句中作状语，故正确选项为C。

　　12.【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：他每天都要喝掉3瓶酒，这已经对他的健康造成了极大的伤害。consume 消耗，消费；吃，喝(某物)；conduct 进行；传导；convert 转化；convince 说服。

　　13.【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：很容易就能在停车场认出我的车。它后面有一家汽车公司的广告。let out 泄露，放出；give out 分发；公布；用尽，精疲力竭；pick out 挑选出，分辨出；run out 用完，用光。

　　14.【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词用法。句意：这个10米宽的房间足够一个人居住。句中的measure为不及物动词，表示事物的长、宽、高等是多少，不能用于被动语态和进行时态，作定语要用现在分词。故正确答案是A。B项为谓语动词形式，如将选项改为which/that measures也正确；C、D两项为被动形式不正确。

　　【知识拓展】

　　除了动词measure在表示“某物有……长(宽、高等)”含义时没有被动语态和进行时态形式外，下列动词也适用于本规律，它们是：consist of (由……组成)；belong to(属于)；date back to(追溯到)；break out(爆发，突然发生)；stand/lie(表示静止状态，意为“某物位于某处”)以及taste, feel, look, smell, sound等感官动词; stay, keep, remain(作系动词，表示“保持，仍然)。例如：

　　Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It willfresh for several days.

　　A. be stayed

　　B. stay

　　C. be staying

　　D. have stayed

　　【解析】选B。stay在句中为系动词，意为“保持”，没有进行时态和被动语态形式。

　　15.【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：你对他的工作有点挑剔了。毕竟他还没有经验。be curious about 对……好奇的；be particular about 对……挑剔的；be concerned about 关心，担心……；be cautious about 对……谨慎的。

　　【变式备选】

　　(2016·三明模拟)Honesty is priceless. Stars, , need to take honesty seriously.

　　A. in short

　　B. in return

　　C. in particular

　　D. in reward

　　【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意：诚实是无价的。明星们尤其要认真对待诚实。in particular尤其，符合题意。in short总之；简言之；in return作为回报；in reward作为回报, 均与题意不符。

　　Ⅱ.本文为说明文，介绍气候变化给动植物以及人类活动带来的影响。

　　1.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章第一段中的. . . overall，species are moving to higher latitudes at 10. 5 miles per decade. 为研究结果，总体而言，物种在以每10年10. 5英里的速度向高纬度移动，故图A正确。

　　2.【解析】选D。推理判断题。从文章第三段中的Although each species moved at different rates and some even moved towards the equator，overall the strong trend was towards the poles. 可知，并不是所有的物种都向高纬度移动。

　　3.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章第五段中的One species Kerr studies is the bog copper, a beautiful little butterfly that appears to practically be on an expressway to the North Pole. 可知bog copper正在以很快的速度向北极移动。

　　4.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章中的which are more drought resistant可知，人们之所以要将传统的牛改成骆驼，是因为气候已经变得比原来干燥了，故B项正确。

　　5.【解析】选C。推理判断题。通读本文可知，由于环境的变化，很多物种正由原来的栖息地向两极和高纬度移动，以便能更好地繁殖，由此说明了物种对于环境的适应性。

　　Ⅲ.答案：1. focused/concentrated2. Causes

　　3. fed

　　4. emotions/feelings

　　5. given/offered/assigned

　　6. Examples/Cases/Situations

　　7. quarrel

　　8. adjusting/regulating

　　9. Structure/Plan/Arrange/Schedule

　　10. first

　　【语篇随练】

　　1.气候(变化)正在使所有的物种向北和更高纬度的地方移动。

　　2.事实上，对气候的迅速变化使得物种正在迁移这一事实的怀疑是没有根据的。