Unit 4 Helping people around the world
1.____________ vt.谈及;查阅→____________ n.谈及;查阅
2.____________ n. 描写,形容→____________ vt. 描述,形容
3.____________ adj. 政治的,政府的→____________ n. 政治,政治学
4.____________ adj. 平等的→____________ n. 平等→equally adv.平等地
5.____________ adj.志愿的;自愿的→____________ n.志愿者
6.____________ v. 贡献,捐赠,促成→____________ n. 贡献,捐献,投稿
7.____________ vt. 获得→____________ n. 获得,获得物
8.____________ v. 扩展,扩大→____________ n. 膨胀,扩张
9.____________ adj.紧急的,紧迫的→____________ n. 紧急,紧迫
10.____________ n.饥饿,挨饿→____________ v. 挨饿,饿死
11.____________ n.财产,拥有→____________ vt. 控制,拥有
12.____________ n.山→____________ adj. 多山的
13.____________ n.容器→集装箱→____________ vt.容纳,包括
14.____________ adj.麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的→____________ n.&v. 麻烦
15.____________ n.助理→____________ vt.帮助
16.____________ n.人群 v.挤满,拥挤→____________ adj.拥挤的
17.____________ vt. 提醒,使想起→____________ n.提醒物
1.Tom,go and f____________ some chalks for me,please.
2.He is good at his job but he seems to l____________ confidence.
3.The government is working hard in helping residents in poor villages to rid themselves of p____________.
4.In a____________ to giving a general introduction to computers,the course also provides practical experience.
5.It was generous of her to c____________ such a large sum.
6.We express our thought by ____________(手段)of words.
7.We must work hard to ____________(获取)a good knowledge of English.
8.None of us can ____________(与……相同)her,either in beauty or as a dancer.
9.I'm going to do ____________(志愿的)jobs for the old the coming weekend.
10.We had to wait,but it was ____________(值得)because we got the tickets.
1.refer ____________ 谈及,提到
2.take ____________ 呈现;承担
3.set ____________ 建立,搭起
4.____________ addition 除……以外(还有),此外
5.draw someone's attention ____________ 使(某人)觉察到
6.____________ the umbrella of 在……的保护下
7.apart ____________ 除了
8.be ____________ to do sth.被迫做某事
9.break ____________ 出故障,抛锚
10.____________ chaos 处于混乱状态
11.get hold ____________ 得到,抓住
12.remind sb.____________ 提醒某人
13.be ____________ to 仅限于
14.think ____________ to 回想
15.make a ____________ 有作用(关系、影响)
1.The situation is very different here,as are the problems.
这里的情形很不一样,存在的问题也不同。
句型提炼:as“正如,像……一样”,引导非限制性定语从句。
2.This makes it easier to communicate and find out about people's problems.
这使得它更容易沟通和了解人们的问题。
句型提炼:it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式to communicate and find out about people's problems。
3.From what you have said,it is clear that UNICEF would not be so popular had it not done so much for children.
从你所说的看,很明显如果联合国教科文组织没有为孩子们做这么多的话,就不会如此受欢迎了。
句型提炼:UNICEF would not be so popular had it not done so much for children.是为对过去事实的虚拟。此处从句中把if去掉,had提前。
1.lack n.& v. 缺乏,缺少,不足
①He lacks courage.他缺乏勇气。
②We lacked both time and money.我们缺少时间和金钱。
③Money for the project is still lacking.
进行这个项目的钱还没有着落。
④Something is lacking in his argument.他的论点里缺点东西。
⑤Lack of heat made us cold.没有暖气使我们觉得很冷。
⑥There is no lack of vegetable.不缺蔬菜。
用法拓展for(by/through/due to/from)lack of 由于缺乏,因为……不足
no lack of 不缺乏,很多lack for 缺乏(多用于否定句,lack是动词)
(a/the)lack of 缺少
supply the lack 补缺
There is a lack of...缺少……
①There is no lack of such people.不乏其人。
②She does not lack for friends.她不缺少朋友。
反馈1.1 Those old people ______ a general understanding of the present situation.
A.lack of B.are lacking of
C.lack
D.in lack of
反馈1.2Many
young workers ______ proper training.
A.are lacking in
B.are lack of
C.lack for
D.lack of
反馈1.3The experiment ended in failure ______ lack of money.
A.as
B.due
C.for
D.with
2.worthy adj.值得的,有价值的;值得尊敬的,应受到赏识的
Hong Kong is worthy of a visit/to be visited/of being visited.
香港值得去看一看。
用法归纳形容词worthy可以作表语和定语:
1)作表语:
① worthy与of连用时,构成be worthy of,其中of的后面可以接名词或动名词的被动形式。
That is worthy of notice.那件事值得注意。
This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.这种现象值得研究。
② worthy可与动词不定式连用,动词不定式也要用被动式。但worthy后面不可再用介词of,须直接接不定式。
This problem is worthy to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。
2)作定语:
This is a worthy article.这是一篇值得一看的文章。
This is behavior worthy of praise.这是值得称赞的行为。
易混辨析worth,worthy和worthwhile辨析
这三个词都可用作形容词,都有“值(得)……、应受到赏识的、有价值的、有意义的”等意思,但用法不同。
worth只能作表语,但不能单独作表语,虽是形容词,但性质像介词,后面必须接名词或动名词(主动表示被动)。worth不能作定语,要作定语需用worthwhile或worthy。
worthy 不能单独作表语,后面须接of+n.或不定式,不能用主动表示被动;另外,worthy of有“配得上……”或“适合……”之意。
worthwhile可以作定语和表语,也只有worthwhile可单独作表语。
①Is the exhibition worth a visit/visiting?这个展览会值得去参观吗?
②Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.谢谢你提出的好建议。
③When we die for the people,it is a worthy death.
我们为人民而死,就是死得其所。
反馈2.1He threw a party ______ a millionaire.
A.worth
B.worthy of
C.right for
D.good for
反馈2.2It is not ______ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth
B.worthyC.worthwhile
D.worth while
反馈2.3Such a good book is ______ reading.
A.worth
B.worthy
C.worthwhile
D.needed
反馈2.4His article is ______ of being read.
A.worth
B.worthy
C.worthwhile
D.fond
反馈2.5The magazine is ______ to be read.
A.worth
B.worthwhile
C.worthy
D.considering
反馈2.6 I don't believe that your Tshirt is ______.
A.worth of the price
B.worthwhile of the price
C.worth the price
D.worthy the price
3.contribute
vt.捐献,有助于,促进,导致,投稿
①He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.
他将积蓄的一半捐献给了救济基金会。
②He has contributed a lot to the world peace.
他对世界和平作出了巨大贡献。
③She has contributed a number of articles to China Daily.
她给《中国日报》投了一些文章。
④Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.
你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。
⑤Various factors contributed to his downfall.
诸多因素导致了他的倒台。
⑥Drink contributed to his ruin.
酗酒把他毁了。
用法拓展make a contribution to 有助于/对……作出贡献We should make a contribution to our country.
我们应为我们的国家作贡献。
含介词to的短语还有:
look forward to 盼望 be/get used to 习惯于
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
object to/be opposed to反对
belong to 属于
prefer...to...宁愿……也不愿……
get down to 开始,着手做
hold on to 坚持,抓住不放
Let's get down to discussing the next question.
咱们开始讨论下一个问题吧。
反馈3.1Smoking is a major factor ______ lung cancer.
A.contribute toB.contributes to
C.contributed toD.contributing to
反馈3.2His hard work ______ the success of his passing the final exam.
A.contributed to
B.was contributed to
C.resulted from
D.was resulted from
反馈3.3The good policy ______ a lot to the economic development was praised.
A.giving
B.given
C.contributing
D.contributed
反馈3.4 I always have so many things to ______ when I come into the office after a trip abroad.
A.add to
B.contribute to
C.attend to
D.appeal to
4.means n.[单复数同形]方法,手段,工具,资力,财产,钱
① Is there any means of getting there?
有什么办法可以到达那里吗?
②Cars,buses,trains and ships are means of transport.
汽车、公共汽车、火车和轮船是交通工具。
易混辨析means,way,method和approach辨析
means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。way的本义是“通路”,引申为“方法”。指一般的或自己的方式、方法,与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指系统的、合理的、精心设计的“方法”。approach也可指做某些事的途径或方法、通路,常和介词to连用。
①Radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
②Is this the right way of doing a thing?
这是办事的正确方法吗?
③There is a method in doing anything.做什么事都有个方法。
④We must take a scientific approach to the problem.
我们必须用科学方法研究这一问题。
反馈4.1Every possible means ______ been tried,and we find only ______ this means can we do it well.
A.have;in
B.have;by
C.has;in
D.has;by
反馈4.2At the meeting they discussed three different ______ to the study of mathematics.
A.approaches
B.means
C.methods
D.ways
反馈4.3By no means ______ to your parents.
A.is this the first time you are lying
B.this is the first time you have lied
C.this is the first time you tell a lie
D.is this the first time you have lied
5.acquire vt. 占有,获得,取得,学到
How did he acquire his wealth?
他的财富是怎样得来的?
易混辨析achieve,acquire,attain,gain和obtain辨析
这组词都含有一定的“获得,达到”之意。
achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标,成功地完成或实现。
acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等。
attain是正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地。
gain 指需要做出更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西。
obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间得到所需要的东西。
①He will never achieve anything unless he works harder.
如果他不更努力地工作,将会一事无成。
②Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。
③They are not likely to attain the aim.
他们未必能够达到这一目标。
④Our company has gained a good reputation.
我们公司赢得了好名声。
⑤He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他没有获得奖学金。
反馈5.1After so many years of hard work,he finally ______ success.
A.obtained
B.acquired
C.achieved
D.gained
反馈5.2 She has ______ some very unpleasant habits recently.
A.obtained
B.gained
C.attained
D.acquired
反馈5.3 In the second experiment they ______ a very clear result.
A.obtained
B.acquired
C.won
D.attained
反馈5.4No ______ without pains.
A.obtains
B.gains
C.attains
D.acquires
反馈5.5 She ______ a good knowledge of English from Mr Chen's lectures.
A.achieved
B.attained
C.acquired
D.gained
6.refer to指的是,适用于,提到,查阅,让……处理
①What does the underlined word refer to in the passage?
短文中画线词指什么?
②This rule refers to all of you.
这个规定适用于你们所有人。
③Did he refer to me in his letter?他在信中提到我了吗?
④If you don't know the meaning of a word,you can refer to a dictionary.
如果你不知道一个单词的意思,可以查字典。
⑤Let's refer this matter to the teacher.
咱们让老师来处理这件事。
相关短语refer to...as 把……称作……
①We refer to our teacher as our friend.
我们把老师当朋友。
②It's not right to refer to students as silly cows.
叫学生蠢猪是不对的。
反馈6.1(2012·安徽定远中学月考)When it ______ making friends on the Internet,you cannot be too careful.
A.comes to
B.refers to
C.turns to
D.gets to
反馈6.2Although the teacher did not mention any names,everybody knew who he was ______.
A.attending to
B.turning to
C.referring to
D.talking to
反馈6.3The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes.
A.bringing up
B.referring to
C.looking for
D.trying on
7.break down 毁坏;(精神、身体、社会秩序等)崩溃,出毛病,受挫,垮掉,分解,失败
①The bridge broke down.桥塌了。
②The car broke down on the way home.在回家的路上汽车抛锚了。
③He has broken down from overwork.他因工作过度而累垮了。
④She broke down in tears when she heard the news,but quickly recovered.
她听到这个消息就哭了起来,但很快就恢复过来了。
⑤Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
水可以分解为氢和氧。
⑥The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution.
再建一个化工厂的计划失败了,因为这将引起严重的污染。
用法拓展含有break的短语
break away from 从……中脱离 break in 闯入,打断
break into 闯入 break off 中止;折断;打折
break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
break through 突破(障碍,包围) break up解体,破裂,结业
①When we got home,I found the house broken into.
到家时,我发现有人闯入过我们家。
②It is difficult to break away from a habit.
要改掉一个习惯很困难。
③Their marriage broke up after they had been married for ten years.
他们的婚姻在结婚10年后破裂了。
④The glass broke up into pieces.
玻璃杯破成了碎片。
反馈7.1The plan ______ just because people were unwilling to operate.
A.broke downB.pulled down
C.turned downD.put down
反馈7.2(2012·江西南昌二中月考)When the peace talk failed,there was a fear that war may ______ at anytime.
A.break off
B.break upC.break out
D.break down
反馈7.3A quarrel ______,which made him ______ his family.
A.was broken out;break away
B.broke out;break away from
C.was broken away;break down
D.broke down;break out
反馈7.4We thought it was time to ______ the talk.
A.break in
B.break off
C.break up
D.break down
8.remind sb.of sth.使某人想起……
①The boy's story reminded me of my childhood.
那个男孩的经历使我想起了我的童年。
②What he said reminded me of my unfinished work.
他的话使我想起了我还没有做完的工作。
③The song reminds me of France.这首歌使我想起了法国。
用法拓展remind sb.about sth.提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that...提醒某人/使某人想起……
①I'd like to remind you about your appointment tomorrow morning.
我想提醒你明早你有个约会。
②I reminded him to answer that letter.我提醒他要回信。
③I reminded him that he must go home before dark.
我提醒他必须要在天黑前回家。
反馈8.1(2012·福建六校联考)______ not to hang out at midnight,the boy headed home soon.
A.Reminding
B.Having reminded
C.Reminded
D.To remind
反馈8.2The picture reminded me ______ my years at school.
A.to
B.of
C.in
D.on
反馈8.3I,______ the man in the rain,went out of the house with an extra umbrella.
A.thought of
B.considering
C.reminded of
D.recalled
9.The situation is very different here,as are the problems.这里的情形很不一样,存在的问题也不同。
这是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as是关系词,代替前面整个句子的内容。关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时,as的用法如下。
1.从定语从句的位置角度:as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末。
2.从固定搭配角度:常见固定用法as is well known,as is often the case,as often happens,as has been said before,as has been pointed out,as can be seen等。
①He shouts when he gets angry,as is often the case.
他生气时就大叫,这是常有的情形。
②In this sense,property right equals to freedom,as is defined by law.
因而,财产权就是自由权,这是法律所界定的。
③A small country has some special advantages,as does a small population.
国家小有小的好处,人少有少的好处。
④Albatrosses drink salt water,as do some other sea birds.
信天翁喝咸水,同其他一些海鸟一样。
⑤She looks forward,as does her secretary,to the completion of the building.
她像她的秘书一样盼望工程竣工。
反馈9.1Often life is much slower outside the big cities,______ true in other countries as well.
A.that is
B.which are
C.as is
D.as does
反馈9.2The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with the time of day,______ our temperature.
A.as does
B.as is
C.which is
D.which does
反馈9.3His mouth opened slightly,______ his eyes.
A.as do
B.as did
C.which do
D.which did
反馈9.4He regained the title,______ surprised everybody.
A.which
B.as
C.that
D.it
10.This makes it easier to communicate and find out about people's problems.
这使得沟通和了解人们的问题更容易了。
这是一个简单句。其中,this是主语,makes是谓语,it是形式宾语,easier是宾语补足语,to communicate and find out about people's problems是真正的宾语。为了避免头重脚轻,用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在了最后。
用法拓展1)常用it作形式宾语的动词有make,think,feel,find,consider等。
2)it作形式宾语可以代替不定式、动名词或从句。
①We make it a rule to get up at 6 o'clock every morning.
我们把每天早晨6点起床作为一个规定。
②He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
他发现不可能离开德国去美国。
③I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.
我觉得我有责任帮助你。
④I like it that you came.你来了,我很高兴。
⑤See to it that you're not late again.注意千万不要再迟到。
⑥I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。
反馈10.1 Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find ______ hard to survive in the wild.
A.it
B.that
C.so
D.very
反馈10.2 The chairman thought ______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.him
反馈10.3 He didn't make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A.this
B.that
C.it
D.these
基础梳理整合
词汇拓展
1.refer;reference 2.description;describe 3.political;politics 4.equal;equality 5.voluntary;volunteer 6.contribute;contribution 7.acquire;acquisition 8.expand;expansion 9.urgent;urgency 10.starvation;starve 11.possession;possess 12.mountain;mountainous 13.container;contain 14.troublesome;trouble 15.assistant;assist 16.crowd;crowded 17.remind;reminder
语境记词
1.fetch 2.lack 3.poverty 4.addition 5.contribute 6.means 7.acquire 8.equal 9.voluntary 10.worthwhile
短语回顾
1.to 2.on 3.up 4.in 5.to 6.under 7.from 8.forced 9.down 10.in 11.of 12.of 13.limited 14.back 15.difference
考点归纳拓展
【思路点拨】
1.1 C lack作及物动词时,后面直接跟名词。
1.2 A 句意:很多青年工作者缺少必要的培训。这里用短语be lacking in...(缺少……)。又如:Is she lacking in courage/wisdom/intelligence?(她缺乏勇气/智慧/智力吗?)。不要用are lack of结构,因为lack不是形容词,可以说are short of。
1.3 C 句意:由于缺钱,实验终止了。for lack of……“由于缺乏……”。
2.1 B 句意:他开了一个适合百万富翁参加的派对。
2.2 C 此处符合“be worthwhile to do sth.”结构,故选C项。
2.3 A 句意:这本好书值得读。符合“be worth doing”结构。
2.4 B 句意:他的文章值得一读。符合“be worthy of doing”结构。
2.5 C 句意:这本杂志值得一读。符合“be worthy to be done”结构。
2.6 C worth意思是“价值……,相当于……的价值”。
3.1 D contribute to意为“导致,引起”,此处应用非谓语形式且表主动。
3.2 A 句意:他的辛勤学习使他成功地通过了期末考试。contribute to“有助于”。
3.3 C 此处需要一个非谓语动词作定语修饰policy,因为后面已经有了谓语动词was praised。根据语境,应该是“对经济发展作出很大贡献的好政策”,故contribute和policy为主动关系,故答案为C项。
3.4 C 我在国外旅行回到办公室,总是有很多事要处理。attend to“照料,处理”。
4.1 D 句意:每种可能的方法都试过了,我们发现只有用这种方法才有效。means由every修饰,故谓语动词用单数;by this means是固定短语。
4.2 A approaches 一般和to连用。
4.3 D by no means “决不”,否定意义放在句首,句子需倒装;“this is the first time...”句型中常用完成时态。
5.1 C 句意:经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功。achieve success“获得成功”。
5.2 D 句意:她最近养成了一些不良的习惯。acquire“培养(技能,习惯,品质)”。
5.3 A 句意:在第二次试验中他们得到了一个非常清楚的结果。
5.4 B 句意:不劳则无获。
5.5 C 句意:她从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识。acquire knowledge of“求得……知识”。
6.1 A when it comes to...表示“当谈及……时”。
6.2 C 句意:虽然老师没有提到名字,但大家都知道他指的是谁。refer to“指的是”。
6.3 B 句意:董事长在商业会议上讲了接近一小时都没有看稿子。refer to“参考”。
7.1 A 句意:人们不愿意运作,所以计划“流产”了。break down“彻底失败,不成功”;pull down“拆掉”;turn down“调小,拒绝”;put down“写下,记下”。
7.2 C 句意:当和平谈判失败时,人们心存战争随时爆发的恐惧。break off“中断”;break up“破裂”;break out“爆发”;break down“坏掉”。
7.3 B break out指“(火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发”,为不及物动词;break away from“从……中脱离”。
7.4 B 句意:我们认为到了中止谈话的时间了。break off “中止”。
8.1 C remind和句子的主语the boy之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语。
8.2 B 句意:这张照片使我想起我在学校的那些年。这是“remind sb.of sth.”结构。
8.3 C 句意大体为“我想到了雨中的那个人,就多拿着一把伞走出了房子。”此处需非谓语动词作原因状语或非限制性定语,因为已经有谓语动词went,故需考虑哪个动词短语有“想起”之意以及和I的主被动关系,consider为“考虑”,可排除,think of和recall都可作“想起或回忆起”讲,但和I为主动关系,故需用ing形式。remind和I应为被动关系,而且remind sb. of是“使某人想起”之意。
9.1 C 句意:大都市外面的生活步调往往是缓慢得多,这在其他国家也是如此。as引导非限制性定语从句。
9.2 A 句意:我们血液中的血糖水平以及体温随一天的时间不同而不同。as引导非限制性定语从句,且前面是行为动词。
9.3 B 句意:他的嘴微张,眼睛也一样。as引导非限制性定语从句,且前面是行为动词的过去时。
9.4 A 句意:他重新得到了那个头衔,这让大家都很吃惊。此处需引导非限制性定语从句的引导词,故只能是which或as。另外,as引导的从句应该是支持前句的,如果是正如大家所预料的,就可用as。
10.1 A it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式to survive in the wild。
10.2 B 为了平衡句子,用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。
10.3 C it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是when and where引导的从句。
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