就总的来说,英式英语发音靠前,字正腔圆,比较清脆生硬;而美音发音比较靠后,更鼻音化一些,听起来比较圆润。
一、卷舌音
英音中r要发卷舌音,如early, spare , worse, before, prefer等比较好掌握。
不过,许多人把卷舌音当成了美音的招牌发音,无论读什么单词都要卷一下舌头,比如把China读成Chinar, idea读成idear, really 读成rearlly, famous 读成famours, 结果闹出来很多笑话。所以大家一定要牢记,单词中美音“有r才能卷,没r不能卷。就像because, idea, cause ,doll ,poll, college, modern等都是不能卷舌的。
二、英音长元音[α:]异化为美音[æ]
字母a 出现在-ass,-st , -th, -ff, -nce等组合前面,英音中[α:],美音中读[æ]。
如:can’t, chance, advantage, staff, answer, pass, advance, after, ask, banana, branch, castle, commander, example, fast, France, glance, glass, half, last等。
三、美音元音[ɔ:]和[ɔ]异化为英音介于[ɔ]和[α]之间的音
发音时可以试着先念一个[ɔ],然后将嘴上下拉到与[α]等长,但注意把嘴的宽度控制在与[ɔ]一致。
如:water, popular, caught, bottle, rock, God, dog, hot, odd, dollar, watch, frog, monster, cross, stop, not等。
四、美音在字母d, t, s, st, n后面,半元音[j]弱化,将英音的[ju:]念成[u]
如:student,new, nuclear, due, Tuesday, tune, duty, suit等。
五、字母t由英音的[t]浊化为美音的[d]
当[t]是组成音节的第一个成分时,发音保持不变,如today, tomato, tea等。但当[t]夹杂在两个元音(前一个重读元音,后一个是轻读元音)中出现时,美音就会发生变化,由[t]变为[d]。
如:dirty, letter, pretty, water, actor, Seattle, city, chapter等。
六、美音中非重读元音[i]读成[ə]。
如:except, believe, before, Michelle, ecnomic等。
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