江苏省2014届高三英语一轮复习 阅读理解攻略训练（4）

　　江苏省2014届高三英语一轮复习 阅读理解攻略训练（4）

　　第二部分 阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　(A)

　　Here are two letters from our readers expressing their concern about school assessment:

　　51．Simon Harper writes from the viewpoint of someone who

　　.

　　A．insists grades should become optional in the near future

　　B．believes in the advantages of assessment based on grades

　　C．is concerned about improving students’ creativity

　　D．supports using students’ interests to measure their abilities

　　52．Magdalena Smith thinks it is important for

　　.

　　A. educators to assess the students by grades

　　B. educators to pay more attention to grades

　　C. students to compete for better grades

　　D. students to take part in music, drama, and sports

　　53．According to the letters, which of the following is true about Village High School? ______

　　A. Grades are effective in every way.

　　B. Grades hold back students’ creativity.

　　C. Grades bring about unnecessary competition.

　　D. Grades are still in use at present.

　　54．What are the two letters mainly about? ________

　　A. The role that grades should play in assessing students.

　　B. The importance of art and music in students’ life.

　　C. The need to have a standard measure for students’ success.

　　D. The reasons why grades shouldn’t be used to assess students.

　　(B)

　　The day my fiancé fell to his death, it started to snow, just like the bottom hadn’t fallen out of my world when he fell off the roof. His body, when I found it, was lightly covered with snow. It snowed almost every day for the next four months, while I sat on the couch and watched it pile up.

　　One morning, I shuffled(拖着脚步走) downstairs and was surprised to see a snowplow(扫雪机) clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling my walk. I dropped to my knees, crawled through the living room, and back upstairs so those good Samaritans would not see me. I was mortified. My first thought was, how would I ever repay them? I didn’t have the strength to brush my hair, let alone shovel someone’s walk.

　　Before Jon’s death, I took pride in the fact that I rarely asked for help or favors. I defined myself by my competence and independence. How could I respect myself if all I did was sit on the couch everyday and watch the snow fall?

　　Learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasn’t easy. Friends cooked for me and I cried because I couldn’t even help them set the table. “I’m not usually this lazy,” I swept. Finally, my friend Kathy sat down with me and said, “Mary, cooking for you is not a burden. It makes me feel good to be able to do something for you.”

　　Over and over, I heard similar words of comfort from the people who supported me during those dark days. One very wise man told me, “You are not doing nothing. Being fully open to your grief may be the hardest work you will ever do.”

　　In many ways I have changed for the better. I have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing one’s worst fear and walking away whole.

　　55. What made the author feel sad?

　　A. Her fiancé’s sudden death.

　　B. Constant heavy snow.

　　C. Her fiancé abandoning her.

　　D. Her job being refused again.

　　56. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “mortified” in Paragraph 1?

　　A. Surprised.

　　B. Angry.

　　C. Ashamed.

　　D. Moved.

　　57. It is _______ that helped the author out of darkness.

　　A. herself

　　B. her friends

　　C. her fiancé

　　D. a snowplow

　　59. What’s the author’s purpose in the passage?

　　A. To talk about her hardest work in her life.

　　B. To talk about her real love between her and her fiancé.

　　C. To tell us to walk out of hardest work confidently and bravely.

　　D. To tell us the importance of friendship.

　　(C)

　　Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging. Criticism（批评）from coaches(trainers), parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware(realize), at all times, that their feedback（反馈）to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters many take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselves.

　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious(careful) that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on(pay more attention to) the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress(pressure), which can lead to burnout.

　　59. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that

　　.

　　A. it can help them learn more about society

　　B. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

　　C. it enables them to find flaws in themselves

　　D. it can provide them with valuable experiences

　　60. According to the passage parents and coaches should

　　.

　　A. help children to win every game

　　B. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

　　C. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

　　D. train children to deal with stress

　　61. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is

　　.

　　A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

　　B. to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children

　　C. to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement

　　D. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

　　(D)

　　When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.

　　One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.

　　But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.

　　To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.

　　Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.

　　62. What is the function of the first paragraph?

　　A. Leading the following paragraphs.

　　B. Showing the main idea of the passage.

　　C. Introducing the background of the passage.

　　D. Giving a summary of the passage.

　　63. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?

　　A. is weaker than

　　B. is stronger than

　　C. is better than

　　D. is worse than

　　64. What can we learn from the passage?

　　A. Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.

　　B. When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.

　　C. A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.

　　D. Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.

　　65. Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?

　　A. Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.

　　B. Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.

　　C. Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.

　　D. Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own