【新人教版】2014年高考英语要点梳理+重点突破：选修8 Unit 5　《Meeting your ancestors》

　　选修8　 Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors

　　要 点 梳 理

　　高效梳理·知识备考

　　●重点单词

　　1．alternative n.

　　adj.供选择的；其他的 2．starvation nstarve vi.挨饿；饿死 3．accuracy naccurate adj.准确的；精确的 4．interrupt vt. & vi.5．assume vt.

　　6．sharpen vi. & vt.()锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharpener n．磨具；削具 7．messy adj.mess n．凌乱，8．botany nbotanical adj.植物学的，9．analysis nanalyses pl.→analyse vt.分析→analyst n．分析者，analytic(al) adj.分析的，

　　10．category n11．significance n，12．delete vt.13．somehow adv.14．academy n

　　15．applaud vi. & vt.applause n．鼓掌 16．accelerate vi. & vt.17．arrest vt. n．逮捕；拘留 18．dizzy adj.

　　●重点短语

　　1．regardless of2．at most

　　3．cut up

　　4．fed up with

　　5．look ahead

　　6．date back

　　7．arrest sb. for...

　　8．with relief

　　9．be proud of...

　　10．turn to sb. for help

　　●重点句型

　　1．If only it could be just like last year! 2．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England... 3．It must have been very uncomfortable.。

　　4．We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.，，。

　　5．Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. ，。

　　(2007·辽宁) 大学生活即将开始，。，。

　　●确定新的学习目标 ●改进学习方法 ●学会独立生活 ●参加各种课外活动 ●处理好与同学的关系

　　注意：1.短文的内容要连贯、完整； 2．100左右(开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数)。

　　I will go to college in the near future.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

　　[范文]

　　I_will_go_to_college_in_the_near_future. After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning. What's more, as I am away from my parents, it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own, such as doing some washing and cleaning by myself. In my spare time, I will take part in different kinds of school

　　activities, for example, I will often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. In addition, I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers at college. I think I will have a wonderful college life.

　　考 点 探 究

　　互动探究·能力备考

　　Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

　　1．alternative n. ()选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物　adj. 选其一的；替代的 an alternative to... ……的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做…… alternative energy 可替代能源

　　[即学即练1](1)Have you got an _____________ suggestion? 你有没有其他的建议？ (2)You ________________________ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，。

　　have the alternative of

　　(3)We have ___________________________________.除了继续下去，。(4)There is ______________________________. 除了战斗，。

　　no alternative but to fight

　　2．interrupt vi. vt. 暂时中断或中止 interruption n. 中断，打断 interrupt sb.

　　打断某人的讲话或正在做的事 without interruption 不间断地

　　[即学即练2](1)Don‘t _____________ me while I’m busy. 我正忙着，。(2)Traffic in the city __________________ a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

　　was interrupted by

　　(3)I’m sorry to ____________ you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital? 对不起，，

　　interrupt

　　3．assume v. assumption n. 假定，假设 assume sth. 认为某事 assume that－clasue 认为…… assuming that...＝suppose/supposing that 假设…… assume sb. to be ... 认为某人是……

　　[即学即练3] (1)You __________ his innocence before hearing the evidence against him. ＝You __________ him ____________ innocent before hearing the evidence against him. ＝You ____________ he is innocent before hearing the evidence against him. 在听到对他不利的证言前，。

　　assume

　　to be

　　assume that

　　(2)___________/____________/_____________ (that) it rains, what shall we do? 假如下雨的话，

　　Assuming

　　Suppose

　　Supposing

　　4．somehow adv. somehow adv. 在句中做状语修饰动词，somewhat 稍微，anyhow 无论如何 anyway 无论如何；不管怎样；用任何方式

　　[即学即练4](1)___________ he was afraid of her. 不知为什么，。(2)Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back ____________. 别担心，。

　　somehow

　　(3)I was ______________ surprised. 我有点儿吃惊。(4)It may rain, but we shall go ____________. 可能要下雨，。

　　anyway

　　5．arrest n. vt. 逮捕；吸引 arrest sb. for 因……而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest one‘s attention 引起注意 under arrest 被捕 make an arrest 进行拘捕

　　[即学即练5](1)Embry __________________ stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。(2)He was placed _______________________ in 1995. 他在1995年被软禁。 (3)The police expected to ______________________ soon.。

　　under house arrest

　　make an arrest

　　6．regardless of in spite of 尽管；不管 despite 不管；尽管 as regards 关于，in regard to/of... 关于 in this regard 关于此事 with regard to 关于 regarding prep. 关于

　　提示：regardless of, in spite of和 despite 后面不能直接跟从句，只能跟名词，但可以跟 the fact that...。

　　[即学即练6](1)They decorated the house ____________ the high cost. 他们不惜高额的费用装修房子。(2)They continued to work ______________ the fact that it was raining. 尽管天在下雨，。

　　regardless of

　　7．at mostat (the) most至多，at (the) least至少，at (the) best充其量，most of all尤其，make the most of(＝make full use of)充分利用 least of all(＝especially not)更不用说 not in the least(＝not at all)一点也不

　　[即学即练7](1)I can pay you 10 pounds _______________.我最多付给你10英镑。(2)There were only 30 people at the meeting ____________.最多只有30个人参加了那个会议。

　　at(the) most

　　(3)It will cost ____________ ￡150. 这至少价值150英镑。

　　8．cut up cut down 砍掉，，，cut through 剪断，cut out 剪下，，cut in 插嘴，(谈话) cut off 切掉；割掉；剪下，，，，()中止，cut away 去掉；切掉；砍掉

　　[即学即练8]　(1)①____________ the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。The cook ____________ the meat for the pie. 这厨师将肉切碎做肉饼。

　　cut up

　　(2)用适当的介、You won't be cutting ______ the office staff, then? ②The gas has been cut______. ③John and his brother were arguing so their mother told them to cut it ______ and go to bed.

　　down

　　off

　　out

　　④Mr Davis cut ______ to ask if anyone would like a drink. ⑤He cut ______ the old branches from the tree.

　　in　

　　away

　　9．look ahead look after 照顾，look up 仰视，look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look down on/upon sb. 轻视；瞧不起 look in 短时间探访 look into sth. 调查 look over 浏览检查，look through 翻阅，

　　[即学即练9](1)Just ___________ and you‘ll see a pagoda.只要向前望去，。(2)We must ____________ before we go further in the matter.在进一步进行这件事之前，。 (3)We must ___________ before we make a decision.。

　　look ahead

　　look ahead

　　10．date back todate back to＝date from 因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，，。

　　[10](1)This custom __________________ the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪。(2)This is an old building _________________ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。

　　dating back to

　　(3)This town __________________ Roman times. 这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。(4)The unearthed sword __________________ the Han Dynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。

　　dates back to

　　Ⅱ.重点句型详解

　　1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England...pleasure 本来是抽象名词，，。

　　It‘s a pleasure to meet you. 认识你是十分高兴的事。She has few pleasures left in life. 她生活中已没有什么乐趣了。

　　(1)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，且表示变化了的词义时，这类抽象名词由于已具体化， 故可变为可数名词。a pleasure 乐事 　a success 成功的人或事 a surprise 奇异的事

　　a failure 失败的人或事 a pity 可惜的事

　　a must 必要的事 a worry 令人担忧的事

　　a wonder 奇迹 a great help 有帮助的人或事

　　a youth 年轻人 a danger 危险的人或物

　　a beauty 美人

　　(2)表示抽象的特性、、、、、、、，a/an＋抽象名词”或“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”结构。have a sleep 睡觉　die a death 死 take a great interest 表现极大的兴趣 take a look 看　get a high opinion 得到很高的评价 make an apology 道歉 have a good time 玩得高兴 an art 一种艺术 a delicious breakfast (lunch, supper) 可口的早餐(午餐、)

　　[即境活用1]　She is ______ success, ______ woman as she is. A．/; /

　　B．a; a C．/; a

　　Da; /

　　答案：D

　　解析：考查冠词。第一空填a，表示“一位成功人士”；第二空 as引导让步状语从句时，句子需倒装且名词前不填冠词。

　　2．We have_been_excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.

　　(1)句中的have been doing是现在完成进行时。，，，，，for hours, since this morning等，have/has＋been＋现在分词”。

　　【注意】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别： ①二者都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：前者更强调动作的延续性，可以说是后者的强调形式。 We have been living here for ten years.(强调还要继续住下去) We have lived here for ten years.(不知道是否已经结束)

　　②在无时间状语的情况下，前者表示动作仍在进行，而后者则表示动作在过去已结束。 The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行) The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)

　　(2)句中的suggest含义为“暗示，表明”，后面接从句时不用虚拟语气。

　　His pale face suggests he is in bad health. 他面色苍白，。suggest含义为“建议，，that sb. should do。 I suggested to him that we should handle the problem another way.。The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.牙医建议她改天再来。

　　[2]　(1)The two countries ______ to maintain their military equation for many years. A．tried

　　Bwas trying C．have tried

　　Dhave been trying

　　答案：D

　　(2)The suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A．would present

　　Bpresent C．presents

　　Dought to present

　　答案：B

　　3．Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.

　　only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna是不定式做结果状语，多表示意料之外的结果。

　　He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站，。

　　ing 形式做结果状语多表示由于前边的动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。如： ①They can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. 它们可以在两分钟之内把一个人吃光，只剩骨头。 ②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport. 有80多个国家踢欧式足球，这使得它成为最流行的运动。

　　[即境活用3]　The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. A．to tell

　　Bto be told C．telling

　　Dtold

　　答案：B

　　解析：only＋to do 常做结果状语，故排除C、D两项。根据句意可知是“别人告诉记者”，the news reporters 做主语，需用被动式。

　　易 错 点 拨

　　自我完善·误区备考

　　1.alternative/choice/selection (1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。 (2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。 (3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。

　　[应用1]　(1)The store offers a wide ______ of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(2)An unhappy _____________ is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do. 摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题，。，，，。

　　alternative

　　(3)Parents should be careful in their _____________ of the movies their young children see. 家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。

　　2. interrupt/disturb (1)interrupt打断(某人的)谈话；中断(某人的)行动 (2)disturb①打扰(尤指正在工作的人)； 　妨碍(某人的睡眠) ②使烦恼(worry)

　　[应用2]　(1)If you get up early, try not to _________ anyone else. 如果你起得早，。(2)Youd better not ___________ him when he is speeking. 当他在说话时你最好别打断他。(3)I’m sorry to ___________ you, but can I talk to you for a moment？对不起，，

　　disturb

　　interrupt

　　disturb

　　3. 现在完成进行时 [应用3]　(1)—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. —I think so. He ______ for it for months. A．is preparing

　　Bwas preparing C．had been prepared

　　Dhas been preparing

　　答案：D

　　解析：从语境可知 prepare 这一动作从过去一直持续到说话时。故用 have been doing。

　　(2)She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she ______ all day long. A．has been reading

　　Bhad read C．is reading

　　Dread

　　答案：A

　　解析：主句用了一般现在时，从句强调到现在为止，一直在读书，所以用现在完成进行时。

　　(3)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. A．studies

　　Bstudied C．is studying

　　Dhas been studying

　　答案：D

　　解析：凯茜正在阳光学校记语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在一年了。

　　(4)Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago, they ______ better health. A．are enjoying

　　Bhave been enjoying C．could have enjoyed

　　Dhad enjoyed

　　答案：B

　　解析：ever since (自从……以来)引导从句时，主句要用完成时态。本句强调“一直进行”，所以选B。

　　(5)—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ______ to get in touch with them ever since. A．have tried

　　Bhave been trying C．had tried

　　Dhad been trying

　　答案：B

　　解析：从情景可知，句子的谓语应使用现在完成时态，排除C、D两项。现在完成时表示动作到现在结束；现在完成进行时则表示动作持续到现在并且要延续到将来。运用到本题表示“过去一直并且以后也要尽力去取得联系”。

　　高 效 作 业

　　自我测评·技能备考

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．I have to s__________ the pencil. It doesnt write well.

　　2．Millions will face s________________ next year as a result of the drought.

　　3．After her performance, the audience stood up and a__________ the actress for a long time.

　　4．Its widely accepted that botany falls into the

　　c_____________ of biology.

　　5．You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two a_______________.

　　sharpen

　　starvation

　　applauded

　　category

　　alternatives

　　6．He was _____________() for murdering.

　　7．Children must learn not to ___________ ()．

　　8．__________() it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

　　9．Who will learn a language ____________ () of methods, materials, or teachers?

　　10．____________(), the message was passed.

　　arrested　

　　interrupt

　　Assuming

　　regardless

　　Somehow

　　Ⅱ .单项选择

　　1．—Would you do me a favor and give me a ride? —______. A．It's my pleasure

　　BNo trouble C．Yes, that's right

　　DWith pleasure

　　答案：D

　　解析：本题考查口语情景回答。从语境分析，此处应该表示“非常乐意去帮忙”的意思。It‘s my pleasure. “不客气”的意思，接受道谢时的回答。而 with pleasure 的意思为“非常愿意”，用来回答对方的请求。故选D。

　　2．(2009·)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ______ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. A．primary

　　Balternative C．instant

　　Dunique

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查形容词辨析。B.“可替代的”合题意。A.主要的，初期的，根本的；C.立即的，立刻的；D.独特的，唯一的。

　　3．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—______ that the others agree. A．to assume

　　Bassumed C．assume

　　Dassuming

　　答案：D

　　解析：assuming＝suppose＝supposing“假设……”。

　　4．Her friend I referred to just now was ______ for fraud. A．suspected

　　Bcharged C．accused

　　Darrested

　　答案：D

　　解析：be arrested for 因……被逮捕。be suspected of 被怀疑……；be charged with和 be accused of 意为“被控告”。

　　5．At times this balance of nature is ______， resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects. A．troubled

　　Bdisturbed C．confused

　　Dinterrupted

　　答案：B

　　解析：句意为：有时生态平衡被打破，结果会有很多难以预见的影响。 interrupt 打断；trouble 麻烦；disturb 打扰，搅乱；confuse 迷惑。

　　6．______，we must expect changes to be made in our system of teaching. A．Looking around

　　BLooking ahead C．Watching out

　　DSeeing around

　　答案：B

　　解析：句意为：向前看，我们必须期望教学系统的变化。

　　7．______the bad weather, the athletic meeting will be held on time. A．In contrast with

　　BIn relation to C．On behalf of

　　DRegardless of

　　答案：D

　　解析：句意：不顾坏天气，运动会将按时举行。A.与……比较；B.关于，与……有关；C.代表。

　　8．I was overjoyed to pass the oral English test ______， though I was not good at it. A．somewhat

　　Banyhow C．anyway

　　Dsomehow

　　答案：D

　　解析：选择 somehow 不知怎么地。somewhat 稍微； anyhow, anyway 无论如何。

　　9．______ the Christmas holidays would come sooner! A．Only if

　　BIf C．If only

　　DUnless

　　答案：C

　　解析：If only...“要是……就好了！” only if “只要，如果……”。

　　10．Im really ______ this weather－why can’t it be sunny for a change? A．fed up to

　　Bfed on C．fed to

　　Dfed up with

　　答案：D

　　解析：句意：我真的受够了这种天气——为什么不变一下，出出太阳？be fed up with为固定结构，意为“厌烦……”，符合语意要求。

　　11．(2010·)______ Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow, and the answer is sure to be Harbin. A．If you ask a

　　BAsked some C．Ask any

　　DHaving asked every

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查“祈使句＋and/or＋结果分句”句型。该句型中祈使句用动词原形，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，本句可改为If you ask any Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow, the answer is sure to be Harbin.注意：改成条件状语从句时主句前没有连词and。

　　12．(2010·)Nowadays, a graduate with a master's degree ______ fail to find a high－paid job, which discourages a lot of college students. A．shall

　　Bcan C．will

　　Dmust

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查情态动词。这里用can表示“有时会，可能会”。语意：如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能会找不到高薪工作……

　　13．The carrot should be ______ into small pieces before you put them into the boiling water. A．cut down

　　Bcut off C．cut in

　　Dcut up

　　答案：D

　　解析：cut up切碎；符合题意。cut down减少(开支)，砍倒；cut off切断，中断；cut in打断，插话，均不符合题意。

　　14．______ what we can do, well have to decrease our dependence on oil and reduce our overall energy consumption. A．In terms of

　　BIn case of C．As a result of

　　DIn face of

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查介词短语辨析。in terms of“就……而言”；in case of“万一”；as a result of“由于……”；in face of“面对，面临”。句意为：就我们可以做的而言，我们将不得不减少对石油的依赖，并减少我们的整体能源消耗。根据句意选A。

　　15．It’s a long time ______ I saw you last. －Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time ______ we see each other again. A．before; since

　　Bsince; when C．since; before

　　Dwhen; before

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查连词用法。It is＋一段时间＋since＋句子，自从……以来已有多久，since从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；It will be＋一段时间＋before＋句子，再过多久才……，从句谓语用一般现在时表示将来；或It was＋一段时间＋before＋句子，没多久就……，从句谓语用过去时，故选C。

　　Ⅲ .阅读理解

　　A

　　A typical Chinese Internet user is a young male who prefers instant messaging to e－mail, seldom makes online purchases and favors news, music and games sites. According to a study, about twothirds of survey participants use the Internet for news－often entertainment－related—or for online games. About half download music and movies.

　　They also tend to prefer instant messaging to email, and they are depending on the Internet more frequently than before to communicate with others who have the same professions, hobbies and political interests. Online purchases still remain

　　unpopular in China. Threequarters of users surveyed have never bought anything over the Internet, and only 10 percent make purchases even once a month. Among those who do buy online, most pay for entertainment while others buy phone cards, or computer hardware or software.

　　“Many people don‘t trust the quality of goods bought online， Guo said Wednesday. “If they buy it in a store and don’t like it, they can easily bring it back.”

　　The survey was done in five major cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Changsha. Results do not necessarily project countrywide because Internet use in rural areas is lower than in cities. Guo describes the typical netizen in the five cities surveyed as young, male, richer and more highly educated. Males make up twothirds of the Internet community, and more than 80 percent of users are under 24. Among people aged 25 to 29, 60 percent to 80 percent go online.

　　China has more than 100 million people online, second in the world to the United States.

　　1.A typical Chinese Internet user will be the one who ______. A. likes to send emails

　　B. likes to buy goods online C. likes to pay for entertainment

　　D. likes the games sites

　　答案及解析： 1．D。。

　　答案及解析： 2．A。由文章第三段可知。

　　3. Which of the following words fails to describe the typical netizens in the five cities? A. Well educated.

　　B. Richer.

　　C. Female.

　　D. Young.

　　答案及解析： 3．C。由文章第四段对几个大城市网民的调查可知。

　　4. According to the text, which of the following shows the right relation between online people and their ages?

　　答案及解析： 4．B。由文章倒数第二段提供的数据可知。

　　B

　　A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are man－made. Here are some virus prevention tips.

　　Do not open any files attached to an email from an unknown, suspicious or untrustworthy source.

　　Do not open any files attached to an email unless you know what it is, even if it appears to come from a dear friend or someone you know. Some viruses can replicate(复制) themselves and spread through email. Better be safe than sorry and confirm that they really sent it .

　　Do not open any files attached to an email if the subject line is questionable or unexpected. If the need to do so is there, always save the file to your hard drive before doing so.

　　Delete chain emails and junk emails. Do not forward(转寄) or reply to any of them. These types of email are considered spam(垃圾邮件), which contains lots of annoying advertisements and useless information.

　　Do not download any files from strangers.

　　Be careful when downloading files from the Internet. Ensure that the source is a legitimate(合法的) and reputable one. Verify(证实) that an antivirus program checks the files on the download site. If you are uncertain, don‘t download the file at all or download the file to a floppy(软盘) and test it with your own antivirus software.

　　Update your antivirus software regularly. Over 500 viruses are discovered each month, so you’ll want to be protected. These updates should be at least the products virus signature files. You may also need to update the product‘s scanning engine as well.

　　Back up(备份) your files on a regular basis. If a virus destroys your files, at least you can replace them with your backup copy. You should store your backup copy in a separate location from your work files, one that is preferably not on your computer.

　　5．This passage mainly tells us ______. A. what a computer virus is B. how to use email safely C. how to use computers safely D. how to prevent computer viruses

　　答案及解析： 5．D。主旨大意题。这篇文章是总分结构，所以主题句在首段。

　　6. Which of the following statements about the computer viruses is TRUE? A. A computer virus is a kind of worm. B. Not all computer viruses are man－made. C. Computer viruses run according to our wishes. D. A computer virus is a program or piece of code.

　　答案及解析： 6. D。。A，BAll computer viruses are manmade.，C，D。

　　7. When we use email, we should ______. A. open all the files we receive B. open any file even if we don’t know what it is C. not open any files if the subject line is questionable D. forward or reply to junk emails.

　　8. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. We‘d better not down load any files from strangers. B. We’d better download files from a legitimate and reputable source. C. We should update our antivirus software regularly. D. We should store our backup copy in the same location as our work files.

　　答案及解析： 8. D。。You should store your backup copy in a separate location from your work files, one that is preferably not on your computer.可知D项表述是错误的。