【新人教版】2014年高考英语要点梳理+重点突破：选修8 Unit 1　《A land of diversity》

　　选修8　 Unit 1　A land of diversity

　　要 点 梳 理

　　高效梳理·知识备考

　　●重点单词

　　1．distinct adj.distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 2．means n3．majority nminority n．少数 4．despite prep.5．elect vt.election n．选举

　　6．percentage n7．boom n(人口、)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期 8．applicant napply v．申请→application n．申请 9．customs n

　　10．occur vi.11．indicate vt.indication n．迹象→indicator n．指示器，12．luggage n13．apparent adj.apparently adv.明显地 14．slip vi. n．滑动；滑倒

　　15．hire vt. & n，16．nowhere adv.17．punishment npunish v．惩罚；处罚 18．justice ninjustice(反义词)

　　●重点短语

　　1．live on2．by means of...

　　3．make a life

　　、4．keep up

　　(风俗、)

　　5．back to back

　　6．team up with

　　7．mark out

　　8．take in

　　9．a great/good many

　　10．apply for

　　●重点句型

　　1．However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.，15 000年前就在加州生活着。

　　2．Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.，。

　　3．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

　　4．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.，19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。

　　5．It is believed that

　　before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.，。

　　(2008·江苏) 实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，，。， Being a Good Listener的英文演讲稿。

　　1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2．150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 3．

　　Good afternoon, everyone!

　　The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”．________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your listening!

　　[范文] Good_afternoon,_everyone! The_topic_of_my_speech_today_is_“Being_a_Good_Listener”．

　　Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.

　　Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.

　　What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open－minded to different opinions even though you don't like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

　　Thank_you_for_your_listening!

　　考 点 探 究

　　互动探究·能力备考

　　Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

　　1．means n. by all means 务必；一定；当然可以 by any means 无论如何 by no means 决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装) by this/these means 用这种/这些办法 by means of 依靠……方法，

　　[即学即练1](1)Taking a plane is ________________________ getting there. 去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。(2)All possible means ______ been tried. ＝Every possible means ______ been tried. 所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。

　　have

　　has

　　(3)This plan must be realized __________________. 这个计划必须完成。(4)Thoughts are expressed __________________ words. 思想靠语言来表达。(5)By no means __________________ left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

　　by means of

　　should he be

　　提示：(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。

　　2．majority n. the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，，。) the majority ofn. [U]＋单数谓语 the majority of＋n. [pl.]＋复数谓语 be in the majority 占大多数 by/with a majority of 以大多数……赢得……

　　[即学即练2](1)____________ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。(2)__________________ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games. 大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。

　　The majority of　

　　(3)He was elected by ________________________ 765. 他以765票的多数票当选。

　　3．occur vi. (occurred; occurring) occurrence n. 发生；出现 sth. occurs to sb. sth. strikes sb. sth. comes to sb. It occurs to sb. to do sth. It occurs to sb. that－clause It strikes sb. that－clause某人想起/想到……

　　[即学即练3](1)The same theme ______ in many of his works.同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。(2)The accident _______________ at five o‘clock. 事故发生在五点钟。(3)An idea ____________ me. 我想到一个主意。(4)______________ ________________ to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。

　　occurred

　　occurred to

　　It didn’t

　　occur to her

　　(5)___________________________________ she would refuse his invitation. 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。

　　4．indicate vt. indication n. 指示；象征；预示 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物 indicate that... 示意；表明 indication of doing sth. ……的迹象

　　[即学即练4](1)Research __________ that men are easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明，。(2)A high fever usually ___________ severe illness. 高烧通常表明生了重病。

　　indicates

　　(3)Snow ____________ the coming of winter. 雪象征着冬天的来到。

　　5．make a lifecome to life变得活跃起来 bring sb./sth. to life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒 lay down one’s life for sb. /sth.为……牺牲生命，lead/live a．..life过着……的生活 make/earn a living谋生

　　[即学即练5](1)They emigrated to Australia to ____________ __________________. 他们移民到澳大利亚，。(2)Her songs ______ our history ____________ again. 她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。

　　bring

　　to life

　　(3)Joanne __________________ as a dancer in a nightclub.乔安妮在夜总会当舞女，。(4)The match finally __________________ in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。(5)They were prepared to ________________________ for their country.他们准备为国捐躯。

　　came to life

　　lay down their lives

　　6．keep upkeep up with赶上，keep out (of)不准入内 keep off离开，keep back阻止；扣留 keep on继续

　　[即学即练6](1)We sang as we marched to _______________________. 我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(2)We should ______________________________. 我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。

　　keep up our good traditions

　　(3)The shortage of supplies is ________________________.供应不足使价格保持紧挺。(4)I don’t think I can __________________ any longer. 我认为这事我再也坚持不下去了。(5)Dave couldn’t __________________ the rest of his class.戴夫跟不上班里的其他同学。

　　keep this up

　　keep up with

　　(6)____________ the grass！勿踏草坪！ (7)She was unable to ____________ her tears. 她无法忍受眼泪。

　　keep back

　　7．take in (衣服)；包括；包含

　　[即学即练7]　写出下列句中take in的意思。(1)There she was taken in by an aged couple. _____________

　　收留

　　(2)Don't let yourself be taken in by his tricks. ______________________ (3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught. ____________________

　　欺骗　

　　领悟

　　(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in. _____________________________ (5)The tour takes in six European capitals. ________________________

　　改小(衣服)

　　包括

　　拓展：take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等) take down 记下来；拆掉 take for (错)当做；(误)以为 take off 起飞，匆匆离去；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用 take over 接收，接管，取代 take to 喜欢；养成……的习惯 take up 占去，占据；开始；从事

　　8．a good/great many a good/great many＝many＝a great number of＋n. (pl.) a great many of them (us) (代词) the (these, those)＋n. (pl.) many a＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词

　　[即学即练8](1)Tom found that there were __________________________ people already there. 汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。(2)It seems that ________________________ them are out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。

　　a great/good many of

　　(3)Many a student ______ this song. 很多学生喜欢这首歌。

　　Ⅱ.重点句型详解

　　1．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.15 000年前就在加州生活着。

　　本句式中 it为形式主语， that从句。It is likely that... ……是可能的。Sb./Sth. be likely to do... 某人/物可能干某事。She‘s very likely to ring me tonight. ＝It’s likely that she will ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能给我打电话。It‘s likely that it will snow tonight. ＝It is likely to snow tonight. 今天晚上可能下雪。

　　[1]　Ronaldo was ______ to win the 100－meter hurdle race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance. A．possible

　　B．probable C．likely

　　Dmaybe

　　答案：C

　　解析：当 possible或 probable 做表语时，主语只能是事物或代词 it；而 likely 做表语时，主语可以是人，也可以是物。maybe 是副词，只能做状语，不能做表语。

　　2．It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.

　　本句用的句型是 It is believed that－clause。it ， that－clause。It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reported＋that－clause. 此句型可转化成： (1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/report＋that－clause. (2)Sb./Sth. be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reported＋to do.

　　①It is believed that Mr Smith is innocent.＝Mr Smith is believed to be innocent. 人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.＝Professor Johnson is believed to have finished his second novel. 人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。

　　[2]　The lake by the village is believed ______ a number of victims in the past 3 years. A．to claim

　　Bto have claimed C．claiming

　　Dbeing claiming

　　答案：B

　　解析：句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命”。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟 v．－ing形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。

　　易 错 点 拨

　　自我完善·误区备考

　　1. means/manner/method/approach/way (1)means表示“方法”“手段”“工具”“财产”，of搭配。(2)manner表示“方式”“方法”，，of搭配。

　　(3)method，、，of搭配。(4)way是最通用的词，。，，，of或动词不定式搭配。(5)approach也有“方法，，。。toward或to搭配。

　　[1]　(1)This book provides a good _____________ to psychology. 本书提供研究心理学的良好门径。(2)The _____________ of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。

　　manner

　　(3)The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane. 最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。(4)In this _____________ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends. 就这样过了几天，。(5)He is a man of ________.他是个有条理的人。

　　way

　　method

　　2. occur/happen/take place (1)occur用法较正式，指偶然发生的或未按计划发生的事情，。(2)happen发生；巧遇，，，，，to，It happens/happened that...结构中。(3)take place发生；举行，。

　　[2]　(1)It ____________ that they were all there. 正好他们都在那儿。(2)Great changes have ______________ in our school. 我们学校发生了巨大的变化。(3)The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919. 五四运动发生在1919年。

　　taken place

　　occurred

　　(4)The conference _________ in the Great Hall of the People.会议在人民大会堂举行。(5)I ______________ to meet her in the street yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在街上遇到她。

　　happened

　　3. hire/employ (1)hire一般指短期的“雇用”，(wage)而工作。(2)employ指“公司，，，。

　　[3]　(1)The firm _____________ more than 100 people. 这家公司雇用100多名职工。(2)He __________ a man to look after his garden. 他雇了一个人来照料他的花园。

　　hired

　　高 效 作 业

　　自我测评·技能备考

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．The Taiwan S_______ separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.2．Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m_________ were against it.

　　3．Now in China, an increasing p___________ of the population have their own cars.

　　4．There were 1 200 a_______________ for the job.

　　Strait

　　majority

　　percentage

　　applicants

　　5．My father h______ three men to help him with the harvest last summer.

　　6．He has twenty ______ () on his farm.

　　7．He has six pieces of ______ ()．

　　8．____________()，he has lost interest in physics.9．Now and then some _________ () came into sight.

　　10．The government announced addition rules

　　on ___________________ ()．

　　hired　

　　cattle

　　luggage

　　Apparently

　　seagulls

　　immigration

　　Ⅱ .单项选择

　　1．—Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child? —Yes, ______. A．that's all right

　　Bby all means C．it just depends

　　Dnever mind

　　答案：B

　　解析：由 Yes 可知表示同意，选 by all means “务必；一定；当然可以”。A、D项表示“没关系”；C项“看情况而定”。

　　2．—What is boy's favorite sport? —______ of boys like playing football. A．None

　　BThe most C．The majority

　　DEvery

　　答案：C

　　解析：the majority of boys＝most boys＝most of the boys “大多数男孩子”。none不符合题意；every 不能接 of短语。

　　3．(2007)Don't be ______by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. A．taken off

　　Btaken out C．taken away

　　Dtaken in

　　答案：D

　　解析：A.起飞，脱掉，(事业)腾飞；B.拿出；C.带走；D.欺骗。由句意可知D项正确。

　　4．To travel to the United States, you must first apply ______ the American Embassy ______ your visa. A．for; to

　　Bto; for C．for; for

　　Dto; to

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查apply短语的用法。apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物。句意为：要去美国旅行，你要首先向美国大使馆申请签证。

　　5．The agreement indicates that the two companies will ______ with each other again. A．team up

　　Bturn up C．look up

　　Dpick up

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查动词短语辨析。A项表示“与……合作”，符合句意。B项表示“出现；到达”；C项表示“向上看；查寻”；D项表示“捡起，接收”，均不合题意。

　　6．It is very ______ that, in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to. A．possibly

　　Bprobably C．lovely

　　Dlikely

　　答案：D

　　解析：句意为：在很多学校学生做作业的时间可能将比原来少。用it is likely that句型，其他三个词不用于这个结构。

　　7．She managed to climb out of the car, ______ unhurt. A．apparently

　　Boccasionally C．freely

　　Dpeacefully

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查副词。A.看起来，显然；B.偶尔；C.无拘无束地；D.peacefully和平地。由题意，选A。

　　8．(2010·)－Sunny day, isn't it? －Let's hope the sunny weather ______ for Saturday's tennis match. A．carries on

　　Bmoves on C．keeps up

　　Dgoes up

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查动词短语的辨析。keep up保持，继续，符合语意“希望好天气保持到星期六的网球比赛”。carry on继承；move on继续进行；go up上升，增长。

　　9．(2010·)If you don't ______ the advice of your teachers, you'll regret it sooner or later. A．regard

　　Benjoy C．value

　　Dthink

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查动词辨析。如果你不重视老师的建议，迟早会后悔的，用value表示“重视”。其他动词的含义不符合语意。

　　10．______ the students in our school go to college in their teens. A．A good many

　　BA great many of C．A great deal of

　　DA great deal

　　答案：B

　　解析：a good many students 许多学生。a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。

　　11．It suddenly ______ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A．happened

　　Boccurred C．thought

　　Dtook place

　　答案：B

　　解析：句意为“那个侦探突然想到那个百万富翁可能是被自己女儿杀死的”。It occurred to sb. that... “某人想到……”。

　　12．Many streets in this city have been ______ for cultural protection. A．stretched out

　　Bmarked out C．left out

　　Dstood out

　　答案：B

　　解析：mark out 标志；记出来。stretch out 伸出； leave out 丢、漏；stand out 脱颖而出，显眼。

　　13．The restlessness of animals ______ a possible occurrence of an earthquake. A．expressed

　　Bimpressed C．indicated

　　Dinterpreted

　　答案：C

　　解析：indicate 预示；暗示。句意为“动物们不休息预示可能发生地震”。

　　14．He is supposed ______ to the meeting, but he didn't. A．to come

　　Bto have come C．coming

　　Dhaving come

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查 sb./sth. is supposed to do 结构，且句中表示“本该到而未到”，故用 to have come。

　　15．______ sometimes keeps her awake at night ______ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home. A．That; which

　　BIt; that C．Whether; what

　　DWhat; that

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查名词性从句。句中 it是形式主语，真正的主语为 that 从句。

　　Ⅲ .阅读理解

　　A

　　Beijing (Oct. 15)－China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil shortages, carmakers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicles(混合燃料汽车) for the Chinese market.

　　The first China made Toyota's hybrid car Prius hit the road last week. Let's have a look at the new car.

　　Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars use an electric motor withrechargeable batteries(充电电池) and a gasoline engine.

　　A hybrid car has a smaller than traditional gasoline engine and an electric motor. The gasoline engine provides 99 per cent of the power when the car is cruising(匀速行车)． The electric motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration(加速度) is needed.

　　Step into a Prius, and turn on the power. The first thing you notice is that it is quieter than a traditional car. At this point, the car's gasoline engine is dormant. The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24km/h. If you stay at low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no exhaust gas given off.

　　An onboard computer decides when to use the gasoline engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24km/h, when you step on the gas pedal(油门), you are telling the computer how fast you want to go.

　　The electric motor recharges automatically(自动地)when braking. And when driving at certain speeds, the gasoline engine not only powers the car but also recharges the batteries.

　　When you use the brake, the electric motor acts like a generator(发电机) to produce electricity to recharge the batteries. Batteries will last for around 200 000 miles.

　　1.When the hybrid car is cruising, ______. A. only the gasoline engine provides power B. only the electric motor provides power C. there is no need to provide power D. both the gasoline engine and the electric motor provide power

　　答案及解析： 1. D。考查细节理解。。

　　答案及解析： 2. A。考查词义猜测。从该词的前后两句话可知。

　　3. Which of the following statements is false according to the text? A. The hybrid car is friendly environmental.

　　B. The hybrid car is able to get itself charged. C. The hybrid car has been made in mass.

　　D. The hybrid car can decide which power to use.

　　答案及解析： 3. C。考查正误判断。只说这种新型车上路了，但大量生产并没提到。

　　4. The best title of the text is______. A. TwoPowered Cars

　　B. Greener Motors for China C. Cars of Saving Oil

　　D. Safer Motors at Present

　　答案及解析： 4. B。考查主题理解。文章第一段是全文的中心，后面各段只是起补充说明的作用，因此B项最佳。

　　B

　　The story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3yearold daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became infuriated(愤怒的) when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, “This is for you, Daddy.”

　　The man was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, but his anger flared again when he found out the box was empty. He yelled at her, stating, “Don't

　　you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside？” The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried, “Oh, Daddy, it's not empty at all. I blew kisses into the box. They're all for you, Daddy.”

　　The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgiveness.

　　Only a short time later, an accident took the life of the child. It is also told that her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years and, whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there.

　　In a very real sense, each one of us, as human beings, has

　　been given a gold container filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family members, friends, and God. There is simply no other possession anyone could hold more precious than this.

　　5. The 3－year－old girl was punished by her father for ______. A. wasting gold

　　B. wasting wrapping paper C.

　　putting the box under the Christmas tree

　　D. bringing the gift to her father

　　答案及解析： 5. B。细节题。小女孩用的是包装金纸，不是金子。

　　6．What's inside the box according to the little girl? A. Nothing.

　　B. Air. C. Kisses.

　　D. Gold wrapping paper.

　　7．The father remembered the love of his daughter by ______. A. kissing the gold box B. putting gold into the box C. taking out an imaginary kiss from the box D. keeping the little girl's ash box by his bed

　　8. Choose the best title for the passage. A．The Kisses in the Box B．A Girl and His Father C．A Love Story D．The Box Under the Christmas Tree

　　8.

　　A。。the kisses in the box也是文章中的一个细节，，。C，BD是文中细节，。