2014届高考英语一轮复习讲义语法系列之非谓语动词

　　不定式用法专讲

　　3. 作定语用的不定式

　　不定式作定语的情况很多，在下面这些类型的句子中常可看到这种用法：

　　a. She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings． 她晚上经常有很多会要开。

　　Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗?

　　b. I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想找点书假期看。

　　The teacher assigned us two exercises to do at home. 老师给我们留了两个练习在家做。

　　c. Is there anything else to put on the agenda? 还有什么要列入议程的?

　　There are still two more items to include in the programme. 还有两个节目要列入节目单。

　　d. That will be the only thing to do now. 这恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。

　　He is not a man to bow before difficulties. 他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。

　　e．She was the first person to think of the idea. 她第一个想到这个主意。

　　They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts. 他们总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。

　　f. We need someone to help with the typing. 我们需要一个人帮助打字。

　　应当注意，这种不定式很多和它修饰的词有动宾关系(如前四类中的多数句子)。因此，如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就应有必要的介词，如：

　　She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有很多事要管。

　　Let's first find a room to put the things in. 我们先找一个房间把东西搁在里面。

　　There is nothing (for us) to worry about. 没有什么值得发愁的。

　　She is a very nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。

　　Is this something to be ashamed of? 难道这有什么见不得人？

　　有些名词后常可用一不定式作定语：

　　The workers and peasants felt a pressing need to learn to read and write. 工人农民那时迫切感到要学文化。

　　It is already time to start spring sowing. 现在已经是开始春播的时候了。

　　Is that the best way to solve the problem? 这是解决这问题的最好方法吗?

　　No investigation, no right to speak. 没有调查就没有发言权。

　　They had no chance to go to school in those years. 那时候他们没有机会上学。

　　This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience. 这将是一个交流经验的好机会。

　　We are starting a movement to clean up the city. 在开始一个使城市清洁的运动。

　　We must have the courage to say that we are ignorant. 我们应当有勇气承认自己是无知的。

　　Only then can we have the motive force to go forward． 有这样我们才有前进的动力。

　　能用不定式作定语的名词很多，除了上面这些之外，还有reason, effort, drive, determination, decision, tendency, struggle, intention, campaign, ambition, wish等。

　　还有一些动词(a)和形容词(b)后面是经常跟不定式的，它们的同源名词也常用不定式作定语：

　　The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island. 敌人在岛上登陆的企图失败了。 (The enemy attempted to land on the island.)

　　You haven't kept your promise to write us regularly. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。 (You promised to write us regularly．)

　　I guess they will have to make some changes in their plan to open up rice fields. 我猜他们开发水稻田的计划得做些变动了。 (They are planning to open up more rice fields．)

　　He has the inclination to overlook difficulties. 他有忽视困难的倾向。 (He is inclined to overlook difficulties.)

　　b. You should have confidence in your ability to fulfil the task. 你们应对自己完成任务的能力有信心。 (You are able to fulfil the task.)

　　In his speech he expressed their determination to achieve their goals. 他在讲话中表达了他们实现自己目标的决心。 (They are determined to achieve their goals.)

　　We could see her anxiety to settle the thing herself. 我们看得出她很想自己来解决这个问题。 (She was anxious to settle the thing herself.)

　　His eagernese to get back to work was quite obvious. 急于回去工作这一点是很明显的。 (He was eager to get back to work.)

　　另外，不定式还可以在下面这类句子中用作定语：

　　We'll have more meetings like this in the few weeks to come. 在未来几周内还要开几次这样的会。

　　In the lectures to follow she will give us some information about the situation in Africa. 在以后几次讲演中，她将谈谈非洲的情况。

　　Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active. 在要参加这些工作的人中，他恐怕是最积极的。

　　The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success. 下月举行的会议一定会很成功。

　　这时，这些不定式几乎等于一个定语从句(例如to take part in the work可以说是who are to take Part in the work的紧缩形式)，都表示即将发生的动作。

　　间或还可以看到下面这种不定式短语作定语：

　　She had no time left in which to pack her things. 她没有时间收拾行李了。

　　It was a bad season in which to have outings. 这是一个不适于郊游的季节。

　　Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一分钟时间来卸装。

　　She had a little money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 她在银行有一点存款，用来帮助她的妈妈。

　　注： 不定式间或可用作同位语(a)或是引起一个惊叹句(b)：

　　a．Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。

　　We got no instructions to leave the city. 我们没有接到离开这座城市的指示。

　　b. To think he knew about it all the time! 没想他一直知道这事！

　　Oh! To be young again. 哦，要能再年轻就好了。