Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US During and after World War II, challenges to segregation became more common and more successful. Three major factors accounted for this: -- The Great Migration The great migration was the movement of blacks from the Southern states to the Northern and Western ones for a range of reasons including better jobs, better schools, and a less racist environment. It began during World War I, continued during the 1930s, and expanded dramatically in the 1940s and 1950s. The great migration introduced millions of blacks to a world in which formal segregation did not exist and basic facilities, like transportation, restaurant, and public bathrooms, were open to all people. However, the North was not without racism. Blacks could not move to certain neighborhoods, were denied access to many jobs, and were informally segregated. But, despite segregation and exclusion by individuals, unions, and employers, blacks who moved to the North were able to love without the oppression of day-to-day segregation. They were thus better able to oppose legalized segregation in the South. -- Changes in American Politics While the great migration changed how black Americans lived, the Great Depression of the 1930s and the New Deal altered American politics by setting a precedent for government activism. The administration of President Franklin Roosevelt assumed a new role of intervening in society to ensure jobs, justice, and the prosperity of the American people, who were severely affected by the Depression. Roosevelt himself was liberal on race and appointed blacks to high offices. The president's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, made clear her hatred for segregation. In a gesture that symbolized a sharp break with previous administrations, she invited the National Council of Negro Women to have tea at the White House. By the eve of World War II, black voters regularly elected officials in a number of Northern states. These newly elected officials actively fought against segregation and racism although not always successfully. -- Social and Cultural Changes A final drive to the civil rights movement was World War II. The struggle against Nazism forced some Americans to reconsider the legitimacy of racism in the United States. The Holocaust of six million Jews, merely because of their ethnicity, led some Americans to realize that racism could be a threat to democracy itself. Blacks also served in the military in unprecedented numbers. Thus, the war experience thought many people that equality was possible. Following the war, black veterans returned with a new sense of purpose. Joining them in the struggle against segregation was a better-educated and financially more secure black middle class and working class living in the North. Many blacks had earned high wages in war industries, were members of industrial unions, and politically active. Finally, the postwar world forced the government to face the threat that segregation posed to international relations. After the war, many colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence from European domination. At the same time, the Cold War struggle with the Communist Government of USSR forced the United States to seek the good will of these nations. Segregation undermined the nation's ability to negotiate with these new nations while giving the USSR ammunition in its propaganda war against the United States. Leaders of the American foreign policy establishment urged an end to segregation at home as a way of fighting Communism abroad.
英语四六级的考前攻略
四六级考试猜词技巧大补贴
新四级关注运用能力增选词填空和快速阅读
大学英语新四级考试中听力部分应对方案
四六级写作如何做到行文流畅文笔连贯
实例解读关注细节拿下四六级高分
英语名师谢钟明作客新浪指导四六级的复习实录
历年四级听力体裁分析记叙文和说明文为主
贡献老师开学谈六级复习方法
英语六级听力对话应试技巧和策略
英语四六级作文命题六大趋势剖析
四六级听力四要素是速度素质记忆理解
英语四级考试考核要求和各题型解题技巧
英语四六级强调句型的用法讲与练
双管齐下轻取英语四级考试复合式听写
考核要求和解题技巧
英语四级考试听力训练办法和需注意问题
大学英语四级新题型分析和考试技巧总结
英语四六级名师谈冲刺应按考试时间做题
考生必看英语四级考试失败五大致命原因
12月英语四级考试的最后角逐10天搞定四级词汇
最后10天四六级过关冲刺
大学英语四六级阅读的三种方法快读查读细读
汪忠平陈文笠谈英语四六级冲刺
备战CET攻克四六级的专家点拨复习更高效
新英语四级听力改革概述和高分必夺技巧
四级听力急速突破的技巧目前应多做复合式听写
决战英语六级考试最后一个月的冲刺方法
大学英语四级考试临考阶段作文题应对策略
最后阶段复习全攻略四级作文的分类及对策
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