两个相同或相近的音位,在法音过程中因受某种影响,而变得不同或不相近,这种现象叫做异化。
异化也称辅音的浊化现象,[s]后面的清辅音当连接一个元音时(一般出现在重读音阶上),[s]后面的清辅音受后面的元音影响,在实际法音中要读成与其相对应的浊辅音,在语音分析中称为浊化。
秘诀23
(1)sp+元音
口语中读音为[sb+元音]
spend v. 花费
IPA: [sp end]—口语读音[sb end]
K.K: [sp Znd]—口语读音[sb Znd]
How do you spend you leisure? 你是怎样消磨空闲时间的。
He spends a lot of time with his girlfriend. 他花了很多时间与他女朋友泡在一起。
Speak v.说话;谈话
IPA: [spi:k]—口语读音[sbi:k]
K.K: [spik ] —口语读音 [sbik]
Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
I must speak with my son about his cigarette smoking. 我必须同我的儿子谈一谈他的吸烟问题。
秘诀33
(2)sk+元音
口语中读音为[sg+元音]
scare v.惊吓;受惊
IPA: [skeE]—口语读音[sgeE]
K.K: [skZr]—口语读音[sgZr]
I’m so scared. 我很怕。
You scared me. 你吓了我一跳。
School n.学校
IPA: [sku:l]—口语读音[sgu:l]
K.K: [skUl]—口语读音[sgUl]
He has studied English in school for tow years. 他在学校学过两年英语。
If I were a millionaire, I would start a school. 如果我是一个百万富翁,我将办一所学校。
秘诀34
(3)st+元音
口语中读音为[sd+元音]
start n.开始
IPA: [stB:t]—口语读音[sdB:t]
K.K: [stBrt]—口语读音[sdBrt]
If you are ready, you may start you work. 如果你准备好了,你可以开始工作了。
He was so excited that he started to cry. 他激动的热泪盈眶。
Still adv.仍,仍然
IPA: [st Il]—口语读音[sd Il]
K.K: [st Il]—口语读音[sd Il]
He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的,现仍在此。
He is dull; still, he tries hard. 虽然笨,可是他很刻苦。
Did you stay up late last night? 作业你熬的很晚吗?
A: What steps are you taking in the matter? 这件事你打算怎么办?
B: We’re dealing with it step by step. 一步一步来。
秘诀35
(4)str+元音
口语中读音为[sdr+元音]
strike v.敲;打
IPA: [strBIk]—口语读音[sdrBIk]
K.K: [strBIk]—口语读音[sdrBIk]
He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。
A: How does the idea strike you? 你感觉那注意怎么样?
B: The plan strikes me as ridiculous. 我觉得这项计划可笑。
Strange v.奇怪;陌生
IPA: [streIndV]—口语读音[sdreIndV]
K.K: [strendV]—口语读音[sdrendV]
The work is still strange to him. 他对这项工作仍很陌生。
Who is that strange man over there? 那边的陌生人是谁?
Are you embarrassed about talking to strangers? 你和陌生人说话会感到不好意思吗?
秘诀36
(5)have to 和has to (不得不)的发音技巧
相似的逆行同化作用也发生在have to 和 has to 中,have [hAv]词尾的浊辅音[v]受了他后面清辅音[t]的影响,而变成了清辅音[f]。同样地,has[hAz]词尾的浊辅音[z]受了他后面的清辅音[t]的影响,也变成了清辅音[s]。
Have to 在口语中发成[ `hAftE];has to 在口语中发成[ `hAstE]。
You’ll have to get off here. 你得在这里下车了。
I have to go now. 我现在该走了。
You have to do you r homework. 你必须做作业。
I have to go, or I’ll wet my pants. 我要去小便,不然要尿裤子了。
That is all he has to do. 那一切就是他不得不做的事。
《特别说明》假如have 和 has 分别念为不同化的[hAv]和[hAz],而后面稍有停顿再加上一个to的话,那么意思就是“有”,而不是“不得不”了。
秘诀37
(6)had to (必须)的发音技巧
相似的逆行同化作用也发生在had to中,had[hAd]词尾的浊辅音[d]音受了他后面清辅音[t]的影响,而变成了清辅音[t],had to 在口语中发成[ `hAttE]
I had to go and talk with Jim. 我必须去和吉姆谈一谈。
We had to scratch our plans for vacation. 我们不得不取消度假计划。|
We had to take them at their word that the job would be done on time.
我不得不听他们的话,工作必须按时完成。
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