【北师大版】2014届高考英语一轮复习指导课时作业：Unit 17 B卷 Word版含解析

　　Unit 17 B卷

　　一、阅读理解

　　A

　　A man living absolutely alone in a desert or forest is free from other people，but he is not absolutely free.His freedom is limited in several ways.Firstly，by the things around him，such as wild animals or cliffs.Secondly，by his own needs：he must have sleep，water，food and shelter from extreme heat or cold.Lastly，by his own nature as a man：disease may attack him，and death will certainly come to him sooner or later.

　　On the other hand，when men become organized into very large groups and civilization develops，it is possible to get freedom from hunger，thirst，cold，heat，and many diseases，so that each person can live a happier life than he could if he were living alone；but such a society cannot work successfully unless the freedom of each human being is to some extent limited so that he is kept from hurting others.I am not free to kill others，nor to steal someone else’s property，nor to act in a way that does wrong against the moral sense of the society in which we live.I have to limit my own freedom myself so that others will not limit it too much.I agree to respect the rights of others，and in return they agree to respect mine.

　　The advantages of such an agreement are great.One can become a doctor knowing that others will grow food，make clothes and build a house for him，in return for the work he does to keep them healthy.If each man had to grow his own food，make his own clothes，build his own house and learn to be his own doctor，he would find it impossible to do any one of these jobs really well.By working together，we make it possible for society to provide us all with food，clothes，shelter and medical care，while leaving each of us with as much freedom as it can.

　　1．A man living alone in a desert or forest ______.

　　A．is absolutely freeB．feels happy

　　C．has limited freedom

　　D．enjoys no freedom

　　2．According to the writer，he limits his freedom because ______.

　　A．hunger，thirst and disease limit him

　　B．others won’t limit theirs

　　C．the moral sense of the society limits him

　　D．others will respect him

　　3．The author suggests that when men live together ______.

　　A．they feel safer and easier

　　B．they are not free

　　C．they must build shelters

　　D．they can get protection

　　4．This text is written mainly to show that ______.

　　A．one can have all his freedom by living on his own

　　B．one has limited freedom just because of his own nature

　　C．one must fight for his freedom if he’s free from other people

　　D．one will have much freedom by working together with others

　　B

　　It’s true that littered cigarette butts(烟蒂)are an annoying thing for the public，and not just for the appearance reasons.The filters(过滤嘴)on cigarettes—four fifths of all cigarettes have them—are made of a form of plastic that is very slow to break down in the environment.A typical cigarette butt can take from 18 months to 10 years to decompose，depending on environmental conditions.

　　Besides the plastic，these filters—which are on cigarettes in the first place to absorb pollutants to prevent them from going into the lungs—contain poisons.Thus when smokers throw away their butts improperly—out of car windows or onto the sidewalks—they are essentially throwing these poisonous substances into the environment.

　　While any individual thrown-away cigarette butts may be small，the butts add up to a huge problem.Some 5.5 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year.Cigarette butts make up as much as one-third of all litter nationwide when measured by the number of discarded items，not the total volume.

　　While the tobacco industry may have its hands full just trying to stay afloat in the maelstrom(旋涡)of ongoing bad publicity，critics say it should be doing more to prevent butt litter.“Just as beverage manufacturers contribute to anti-littering campaigns，and have invested in public education on litter issues，so should the tobacco industry，”says Kathleen Register，a researcher.

　　Register suggests putting anti-littering messages on all cigarette packaging and advertisements，distributing small，free portable ashtrays(烟灰缸)，and placing and maintaining outdoor ashtrays in areas where smokers gather.She also suggests putting an extra tax on cigarette sales，with the money going toward anti-littering education and paying the costs of cleaning up butts.“By taxing smokers for such efforts，some of the cost of cleaning up cigarette butts will shift onto them，”she says.

　　One way or another，smokers must learn that the earth is not one giant ashtray.

　　5．The underlined word“decompose”in Paragraph 1 probably means“______”．

　　A．burn away

　　B．break up

　　C．go out

　　D．die down

　　6．Littering cigarette butts around is harmful because______.

　　A．they lead to global warming

　　B．they waste plastic

　　C．they contain poisons

　　D．they cause lung cancer

　　7．Which of the following will force smokers to contribute to the environment，according to the text?

　　A．Having them pay an extra tax on cigarettes.

　　B．Having anti-litter messages appear on cigarette packaging.

　　C．Forbidding cigarette advertising in public.

　　D．Forcing them to take ashtrays with them.

　　8．The main topic of the text is______.

　　A．the danger of cigarette smokers

　　B．the environmental effects of discarded cigarettes

　　C．the disease smokers suffered

　　D．the chemical makeup of cigarette butts

　　二、任务型读写

　　阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

　　The Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)is a specifically designed test that examines students on whether they are prepared to go to college or not.The SAT was started in the year 1901 and since then has experienced a number of changes to create the form it has today.

　　The SAT includes the SAT Reasoning Test and the SAT Subject Test.

　　The SAT Reasoning Test takes place seven times in a year，in the months of October，November，December，January，March(or April in alternate years)，May and June.It is usually a three hours and forty five minutes long examination and happens on the first Saturday of the month.It marks a student on his/her literacy and writing skills，skills to analyze，and problem solving skills.

　　The SAT Reasoning Test is divided into three broad categories，the Critical Writing Section，the Mathematics Section，and the Writing Section.Questions in SAT range in difficulty from being easy，medium to hard.Most of the questions are multiple choices with five choices provided for each.The score is between 200 to 800.The score of a candidate reaches him/her in around three weeks.Admission to any college is based on the SAT score in addition to the grades in school.

　　The SAT Subject Test is different from the Reasoning Test.While the latter is compulsory(强制性的)and the same for everybody，the former has a wide range of subjects to choose from.A student chooses the subject for the test according to his/her preference and decision of studying whichever subject he/she wants in college.The test is made up of 20 multiple-choice questions.It’s a standardized test for individual subjects respectively.The score is again in a scale of 200-800.It’s a one-hour examination regardless of the subject chosen.

　　The SAT is a highly-recognized test in the United States of America.It’s kind of compulsory for admission to the good universities.It isn’t difficult but needs extensive and intensive study by the students，to get a high score.

　　Topic The Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)

　　Purpose To 1.______ students on whether they are prepared to go to college or not.

　　2.______ It was started in 1901 and has experienced many changes.

　　Tests The SAT Reasoning

　　Test *It is 3.______ seven times in a year.

　　*It is to test students’literacy and writing skills，skills of 4.______ and solving problems.

　　*It 5.______ the Critical Writing Section，the Mathematics Section，and the Writing Section.

　　*The scores

　　6.______ from 200 to 800.

　　The SAT Subject Test *It is 7.______ on each student’s choice of the subject.

　　*It 8.______ of 20 multiplechoice questions.

　　*The 9.______ of the examination is one hour.

　　Features *The SAT is highly-recognized in the United States of America.

　　*The SAT is compulsory if students want to be 10.______ to the good universities.

　　参考答案与解析

　　课时作业(三十四)

　　Unit 17　B卷

　　一、阅读理解

　　解题导语：世界上没有绝对与世隔绝的人。一个人不可能将所有的事情都做好，也不可能成为全才。在现实生活中，人们应该相互帮助，做到“我为人人，人人为我。”

　　1．解析：细节理解题。由第一段“His freedom is limited in several ways.”可以知道。

　　答案：C

　　2．解析：细节判断题。由第二段的最后三句话可以得出答案。

　　答案：C

　　3．解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“By working together，we make it possible for society to provide us all with food，clothes，shelter and medical care，while leaving each of us with as much freedom as it can.”可知。

　　答案：A

　　解题导语：人们到处可以见到吸烟的人们扔掉的烟头。这些烟头不但影响市容，而且它们里面含有毒素，危害人们的身体健康。另外，它们是由塑料制成的，因此分解很难，所以会造成环境的污染。

　　5．解析：词义猜测题。结合上一句的are made of a form of plastic that is very slow to break down in the environment可知这里是“分解”的含义。

　　答案：B

　　6．解析：细节理解题。从第二段的these filters—which are on cigarettes in the first place to absorb pollutants to prevent them from going into the lungs—contain poisons 可知是这些烟头里含有一些毒素。

　　答案：C

　　7．解析：细节推理题。从最后一段的She also suggests putting an extra tax on cigarette sales可知是她认为向那些吸烟的人征收额外的税可以迫使他们对环境做出贡献。

　　答案：B

　　8．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人们到处乱扔的烟头的害处，它里面包含有很多的毒素，并且难以分解，对于环境造成很大的影响等。

　　答案：B