【北师大版】2014届高考英语一轮复习精选导学案语篇微写作强化系列Test 13

　　Test 13

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　Romance does not have to fizzle out(失败) in long-term relationships and progress into a companionship/friendship-type love，a new study has found.Romantic love can last a lifetime and lead to happier，healthier __1__.

　　“Many believe that __2__ love is the same as passionate(多情的) love，” said lead researcher Bianca P．Acevedo，PhD，then at Stony Brook University (currently at University of California，Santa Barbara)．“It isn’t.Romantic love has the intensity，engagement and sexual chemistry that passionate love has，minus the obsessive component(过度成分)．Passionate or obsessive love includes __3__ of uncertainty and anxiety.This kind of love __4__ drive the shorter relationships but not the longer ones.”

　　These findings __5__ in the March issue of Review of General Psychology，published by the American Psychological Association.

　　Acevedo and co-researcher Arthur Aron，PhD，reviewed 25 studies with 6,070 individuals in short- and long-term relationships to__6___whether romantic love is associated with more satisfaction.To determine this，they__7__the relationships in each of the studies as romantic，passionate (romantic with obsession) or friendship-like love and categorized them as long- or short-term.

　　The researchers looked at 17 short-term relationship studies，which included 18- to 23-year-old college students who were__8__，dating or married，with the average relationship lasting less than four years.They also __9__at 10 long-term relationship studies including middle-aged couples who were typically married 10 years or more.Two of the __10__included both long- and short-term relationships in which it was possible to distinguish the two samples.

　　The review found that those who reported greater romantic love were more__11__in both the short- and long-term relationships.Companion-like love was only moderately __12__ with satisfaction in both short- and long-term relationships.And those who reported greater passionate love in their relationships were more satisfied in the short term __13__ to the long term.

　　Couples who reported more satisfaction in their relationships also __14__being happier and having higher self-esteem.

　　Feeling that a partner is “there for you” __15__for a good relationship，Acevedo said，and facilitates(促进) feelings of romantic love.On the other hand，“feelings of insecurity are generally associated with __16__ satisfaction，and in some __17__may spark conflict in the relationship.This can manifest(表白) into obsessive love，” she said.

　　This discovery may change people’s __18__ of what they want in long-term relationships.According to the authors，companionship love，which is what many couples see as the natural __19__of a successful relationship，may be an unnecessary compromise(妥协)．“Couples should strive for love with all the trimmings(修剪)，” Acevedo said.“And couples who’ve been together a long time and wish to get back their romantic edge should know it is an attainable(可达到的) goal that，like most good things in life，__20__ energy and devotion.”

　　1．A.scholarships

　　B．friendships

　　C．relationships

　　D．companionships

　　答案　C

　　解析　浪漫爱情可以持续一生，并且通往更幸福、更健康的关系(relationship)。

　　2．A.obsessive

　　B．romantic

　　C．passionate

　　D．companion

　　答案　B

　　解析　 很多人以为浪漫(romantic)之爱和激情之爱是一回事，全文说的主体就是浪漫爱情。

　　3．A.feelings

　　B．factors

　　C．consequences

　　D．barriers

　　答案　A

　　解析　激情的或者强迫性的爱情包含了不确定和焦虑的感觉(feelings)。

　　4．A.contributes

　　B．helps

　　C．prevents

　　D．speeds

　　答案　B

　　解析　这种爱情有助于(helps)驱动的是短期关系而不是长期关系。

　　5．A.occur

　　B．take

　　C．write

　　D．appear

　　答案　D

　　解析　这些研究结果刊登(也就是出现appear)在美国心理学会出版的《普通心理学评论》三月号上。

　　6．A.find out

　　B．work out

　　C．take out

　　D．bring out

　　答案　A

　　解析　以检验(find out)浪漫爱情是否与更高的满意度相联系。

　　7．A.separated

　　B．classified

　　C．divided

　　D．cut

　　答案　B

　　解析　为了证实这一点，他们把每项研究中的爱情关系归类(classified)为浪漫的、激情的(浪漫加上强迫成分)和友谊式的，再分为长期和短期关系两类。

　　8．A.alone

　　B．lonely

　　C．single

　　D．unique

　　答案　C

　　解析　其研究对象包括18～23岁的单身(single)、恋爱中或已婚的大学生。

　　9．A.glanced

　　B．glared

　　C．stared

　　D．looked

　　答案　D

　　解析　他们还看了(looked)10个对于长期关系的研究，其对象包括结婚10年或更久的中年夫妇。匆匆一看(glanced)，瞪眼(glared)，目不转睛地看(stared)，这三个词都与at搭配，但是表示的意思都带有感情色彩，也不符合语意。

　　10．A.findings

　　B．examinations

　　C．experiments

　　D．studies

　　答案　D

　　解析　其中两个研究(studies)同时包括了短期和长期关系，这两组样本是区分开来的。

　　11．A.unpleased

　　B．disappointed

　　C．satisfied

　　D．desperate

　　答案　C

　　解析　那些报告出更多浪漫成分的人都对自己的爱情关系更满意(satisfied)，而不是不高兴(unpleased)，失望(disappointed)和绝望(desperate)。

　　12．A.referred

　　B．associated

　　C．contended

　　D．conflicted

　　答案　B

　　解析　在短期和长期关系中，伙伴式的爱情都只有中等程度的和满意度相关(associated)。

　　13．A.compared

　　B．comparing

　　C．added

　　D．led

　　答案　A

　　解析　而那些报告出较多激情成分的人在短期关系中比(比较和比较的对象之间是被动关系，故用过去分词compared)在长期关系中满意度更高。

　　14．A.reported

　　B．said

　　C．believed

　　D．hoped

　　答案　A

　　解析　对爱情关系满意度较高的夫妇或恋人同时也报告(reported)出较强的幸福感和较高的自尊。

　　15．A.takes

　　B．makes

　　C．means

　　D．depends

　　答案　B

　　解析　感觉伴侣“与你同在”有助于(make for)建立良好的爱情关系。

　　16．A.higher

　　B．lower

　　C．no

　　D．much

　　答案　B

　　解析　不安全感通常伴随着较低的(lower)满意度。

　　17．A.environments

　　B．states

　　C．air

　　D．cases

　　答案　D

　　解析　有时(就是有些情况下 in some cases)还会导致爱情中的冲突。

　　18．A.views

　　B．expectations

　　C．remarks

　　D．statements

　　答案　B

　　解析　这个发现或许会改变人们对长期关系的一般预期(expectations)。观点(views)看上去对，但是这儿不强调人们对爱情的认识，而是能在多大程度上让自己满意，这就是期望或预期，更不是评论(remarks)和陈述(statements)。

　　19．A.progression

　　B．change

　　C．results

　　D．choice

　　答案　A

　　解析　研究者称，虽然伙伴式的爱情在很多夫妇看来是成功爱情关系的自然发展(progression)阶段，但它实际上可能是一种不必要的妥协。

　　20．A.produces

　　B．satisfies

　　C．requires

　　D．consumes

　　答案　C

　　解析　它需要(requires)投入精力才能达成。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated to have been about five million.Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language，mainly in the United States，Canada，Great Britain，Ireland，South Africa，Australia and New Zealand.In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas，there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

　　In fact，it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages.The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

　　The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language.Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers，English is a language in which some of important works in science，technology，and other fields are being produced，and not always by native speakers.It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications，international conferences，and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries，especially former British colonies.Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government，commerce，industry，law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

　　1．What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A．The Difficulties of Learning English

　　B．International Communications

　　C．The Standard Varieties of English

　　D．English as a World Language

　　答案　D

　　解析　标题归纳题。根据第三段第一句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为 D项。

　　2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A．Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.

　　B．There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.

　　C．It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.

　　D．People learn English for a variety of reasons.

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第二句及第二段的第一句的描述可推知此题的答案为A项。

　　3．According to the passage，what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?

　　A．It was popular during Shakespeare’s time.

　　B．It is used in former British colonies.

　　C．It serves the needs of its native speakers.

　　D．It is a world language that is used for international communication.

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区使用，可推知此题的答案为D项。

　　4．What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?

　　A．The ability to read a newspaper.

　　B．It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.

　　C．Being a multilingual.

　　D．Being a native speaker.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可推知此题答案为B项。

　　5．What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?

　　A．Those geographically close to the United States.

　　B．Those interested in the culture of the United States.

　　C．Former colonies of Great Britain.

　　D．Countries where international conferences are held.

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句可推知此题答案为C项。

　　Ⅲ.微写作

　　写作素材

　　1．读书是我最大的爱好。

　　2．我从中受益匪浅，因为书是知识之源。

　　3．我最感兴趣的书是文学书。

　　4．文学书不仅可以提高写作技能、拓展视野，而且还能丰富人生，带来巨大的乐趣。

　　(素材来源于2012·江西·书面表达)

　　提示：尽量使用高级表达：介词＋which的非限制性定语从句；what引导的主语从句；原因状语从句以及not only...but also...等。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　Reading is my favorite hobby，from which I benefit a lot，because books are the source of knowledge.What interests me most is literary books，because they can not only improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons，but also enrich my life and bring me great fun.

　　1．distinguish

　　v．区别　distinguished adj.杰出的　distinguish...from...区别……和……　distinguish yourself表现突出

　　2．estimate v．估计；估算　estimate...at...估价为……

　　It is estimated that...据估计……

　　3．strive for努力获得……　strive to do...努力做……

　　4．be associated with和……有关系　associate with与……在一起　in association with在……帮助下；与……共存

　　5．And couples who’ve been together a long time and wish to get back their romantic edge should know it is an attainable goal that，like most good things in life，requires energy and devotion.

　　该句的主干是Couples should know it is an attainable goal.。couples后who’ve been together a long time and wish to get back their romantic edge为定语从句，it is an attainable goal...为省去连词that的宾语从句，在该从句中，that requires energy and devotion为定语从句，修饰goal。

　　如何做议论型的完形填空题？

　　议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。本节完形填空中的第一段就提出了本文的论点，即：Romance does not have to fizzle out(失败) in long-term relationships and progress into a companionship/friendship-type love.(浪漫爱情可以持续一生，并且通往更幸福、更健康的关系。)以下通过列举事例来论证这一问题。(2)导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易多了。

　　一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统，我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。