浙江省湖州市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（20）含答案

　　浙江省湖州市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（20）含答案

　　阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项

　　A

　　Women enjoy free time less than men, a new study finds. And it’s getting worse.

　　When men have free time, they feel less rushed. However, women do not feel less rushed after work.

　　The results suggest that mothers in particular feel the pressures of children and housework even when they have time to relax. The meanings of free time for men and women are quite different, said Saver, the assistant professor of this study.

　　The study was based on two national surveys, one in the mid-1970s involving 708 people and the other in the late 1990s with 1,151 participants.

　　The participants kept diaries on how they spent a specific 24-hour period. They were also asked how often they felt rushed during a typical day -- never, sometimes or always.

　　The workload increased for women between 1975 and 1998, especially in comparison with men.

　　In 1975, women and men had similar amounts of free time, but by 1998 women had had less leisure time than men.

　　"Women worked more hours in paid employment in 1998 than they did in 1975, Saver said. "The amount of time they spent in household labor decreased during that period, but not enough to offset (抵消) the increase in paid work hours."

　　The chance of feeling sometimes or always rushed was more than twice as high for married women with children than it was for single, childless women, But men who were married and had children didn't feel more rushed than single, childless men.

　　Saver said other research suggests women still feel more responsible for taking care of children and housework, even if men are doing more than they once did.

　　1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Women won't think about their children or housework when they have free time.

　　B. When men have free time, they will feel as rushed as when they are busy.

　　C. Men spend more time at work than before, but they feel less rushed.

　　D. After marriage, men also help to do some housework.

　　2. The purpose of the author writing this article is to______.

　　A. encourage women to enjoy more free time

　　B. introduce the results of current research

　　C. describe the differences between men and women

　　D. explain the reasons for women’s pressures

　　3. Compared with single, childless men, men who were married _______.

　　A. had to spend more time on work

　　B. had to do more housework

　　C. could enjoy less leisure time

　　D. didn't feel more rushed

　　4. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Men Hold More Social Responsibilities

　　B. Women Suffer from More Illnesses

　　C. Women Feel More Rushed than Men

　　D. Men Get More Rewards from Work

　　参考答案-----------DBDC

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　　阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务

　　Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)．“It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)—and once you do it，it is too late，” said Dr.Casey Kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smoking—one cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetime it is.Wide­heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”

　　In the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three­inch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the women's knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked bare­foot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.Compared with walking barefoot，the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis，experts say.

　　The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new­scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes，tendonitis，knee pain，sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.But in 1998，Kerrigan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis，a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high­heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high­heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health，” said Dr.Glem Pfeffer，a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.

　　Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项

　　1．We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because ________.

　　A．they want to walk comfortably

　　B．chunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairs

　　C．chunky heels do less harm to knees

　　D．chunky heels are not painful at all2．The study mentioned in the second paragraph found that ________.

　　A．pressure on the foot is caused by high heels

　　B．the pressure is abnormal while walking barefoot

　　C．arthritis is always caused by pressure on the knees

　　D．both types of shoes have the same harm to the knees

　　3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A．people got to know the high heels are bad for health recently

　　B．people have known the high heels are bad for health for years

　　C．people haven't known the high heels are bad for health yet

　　D．people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon

　　4．Kerrigan's late study looked at the chunky high­heeled shoes because ________.

　　A．they feel more comfortable

　　B．they are related to knee osteoarthritis

　　C．they are worn by many women

　　D．they are different from stiletto heels

　　5．The best title for the passage may be ________.

　　A．Talking Healthy Knees into Consideration

　　B．High­heels Do Harm to Knees

　　C．Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels

　　D．When Wearing High­heels

　　Ⅰ

　　The passage discusses the idea that high heels have bad effects on the knees by surveying and showing some facts and the reasons for it，so when choosing high heels we should consider our healthy knees.

　　Ⅱ

　　1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wide heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long”可知妇女选择粗高跟鞋是因为粗高跟鞋穿着舒服，A项与此意思相符。

　　答案：A

　　2．解析：推理判断题。从第二段中的“The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.”可知，两种高跟鞋给膝关节带来的压力是等量的，所以它们对膝关节的伤害是一样的。

　　答案：D

　　3．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段开头“The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new—scientists have warned women for years that...”可知B项与此一致。

　　答案：B

　　4．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.”可见，起初的研究对象只是细高跟鞋，Kerrigan后来对粗高跟鞋进行调查研究是因为她注意到许多妇女穿着粗高跟鞋。

　　答案：C

　　5．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述了鞋跟粗厚的高跟鞋和鞋跟细高的高跟鞋一样，都对膝关节有损害。所以B选项“高跟鞋伤害膝关节”是最佳选项。

　　答案：B

　　B

　　There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally. Here's a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing.

　　Sunshine Village

　　Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area. Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown. Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past. Adults pay $76.5, seniors $61.5, and children only pay $26.5. At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm. The terrain (地形) is a mix of both easy and hard runs.

　　Lake Louise

　　Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of ski-able terrain. It has the best balance between easy and difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now. Adults pay $75.5, seniors pay $54.5, and children pay $24.5. Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access backcountry skiing.

　　Nakiska

　　While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is popular to the public. Currently, they have a base of 71cm. The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants (倾斜) more towards the easy side. It's the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain. Tickets are relatively cheap. Adults pay $64.5, seniors pay $51.5, and children only pay $19.5.

　　Olympic Park

　　O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada, and it is a world-class facility (设施） for almost every winter sport. It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities. It has a snow base of 102 cm, but it isn't the primary focus. However, with tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive.

　　5. What can we know about Sunshine Village?

　　A. It is a ski hill in Europe.

　　B. Its snow is the thickest of the four.

　　C. It is suitable for ski beginners.

　　D. its ticket prices are getting more expensive.

　　6. What does the underlined word "renown" mean in the passage?

　　A. Good attraction.

　　B. Place of interest.

　　C. Prize or reward.

　　D. Fame or reputation.

　　7. Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of other sports games besides skiing?

　　A. Sunshine Village.

　　B. Lake Louise.

　　C. Olympic Park.

　　D. Nakiska.

　　8. How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children go skiing in the best family place?

　　A. 168 dollars.

　　B. 103.5 dollars.

　　C. 209 dollars.

　　D. 129.5 dollars.

　　参考答案----------BDCA

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　　C

　　Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends.

　　It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed.

　　"They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project.

　　Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced long-term exclusion (排斥) from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness.

　　The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion.

　　It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends.

　　"With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen.

　　The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.

　　9. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT ______.

　　A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender

　　10. The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_______”.

　　A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience

　　11. One of the major purposes of the research is to _______.

　　A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion

　　B. remind children to be careful while making friends

　　C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers

　　D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model

　　12. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _______.

　　A. keep their groups purer

　　B. make their groups more socially powerful

　　C. refuse other customs and cultures

　　D. prove their groups to be strict

　　13. The proper title for this passage is _______.

　　A. Techniques of making friends

　　B. Social communication among kids

　　C. Making friends -- a special culture

　　D. Kids' complex way of making friends

　　参考答案---------ACCBD

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　　D

　　From her first women's hat shop, opened in 1910, Gabrielle Coco Chanel rose to become one of the most important fashion designers in Paris. Her fashion themes included simple suits and dresses, women's trousers, perfume (香水) and so on.

　　She claimed a birth date of 1893 and a birthplace of Auvergne; she was actually born in 1883 in Saumur, though. Her mother worked in a nursing home for pool people. Gabrielle was born there. Her mother died whet she was only six.

　　She began to use the name Coco during a brief career a, a cafe and concert singer from 1905 to 1908. By the 1920s，her fashion house had expanded greatly. Her relaxing fashions, such as short skirts with casual look, were very different from the fashions popular in the formal decades.

　　In 1922 Chanel introduced a perfume, Chanel No.5 which became very popular and still remains a popular product today. Pierre Wertheimer became her partner in the perfume business in 1924. Wertheimer owned 70% of the company, Coco Chanel 10% and her friend, Bader, 20%. The Wertheimers continue to control the perfume company today.

　　She briefly served as a nurse in World War I. The fashion business in Paris was thus off for some years. In 1954 she came back and her women's clothing business returned to its former popularity. Her natural, casual clothing once again caught the eye of women. She was still working in 1971 when she died.

　　14. All of the following fashions belong to Chanel's design style EXCEPT _____

　　A. a comfortable suit

　　B. a tight dress

　　C. a short skirt

　　D. a loose sweater

　　15. The right order of the following events should be ____

　　① Chanel began to do business with Wertheimer.

　　② Chanel served as a nurse.

　　③ Chanel worked as a singer.

　　④ Chanel introduced the perfume, Chanel No. 5.

　　A. ④①③②

　　B. ①②③④

　　C. ③④①②

　　D. ②③④①

　　16. According to the passage, we can see that Chanel ____

　　A. was brought up by her father

　　B. worked in a nursing home for some time

　　C. earned more than Wertheimer from the perfume company

　　D. had an active and creative mind

　　参考答案---------BCD

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　　E

　　With nearly 22 percent of Japan’s population already aged 65 years old or older. The rapidly aging population has caused many problems: a labor shortage, tax shortage and financial difficulties in paying health bills and pensions (养老金) of large numbers of the elderly. Moreover, a growing number of older Japanese are spending their golden years away from the care traditionally provided by children and grandchildren. That's where cutting-edge technology steps in.

　　This technology is creating a care providing market. Businessmen are using cutting-edge technology to create products to care for the country's growing elderly population. They have been producing everything from easy-entry cars to remote-controlled beds. Old people in Japan can expect to be served food by a robot. They can also ride a voice-recognition wheelchair or even possibly hire a robot nurse.

　　At a home-care exhibition in Tokyo, many new products were shown. Buyers crowded round a product called My Spoon Feeding Robot. It can help elderly or disabled people to eat with a spoon-and-fork-fitted arm. Operating a stick with his chin, the designer moved the arm toward a block of soft tofu, skillfully getting the fork to break off a small piece. The arm then returned to a set position in front of his mouth, allowing him to bite and swallow.

　　"It's all about making people able to help themselves. We want to give the elderly control over their own lives," the designer said. The company has already sold 300 of the feeding robots, which cost $3,500 each.

　　There is also a car designed for easy entry. It is mainly for people who have to use wheelchairs or those who have difficulty walking. Its slogan is, "A car that's more patient than your daughter."

　　17. The underlined word "cutting-edge" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______.

　　A. old B. advanced C. cost-saving D. cheap

　　18. The rapidly aging population in Japan ______.

　　A. are interested in inventing robot nurses

　　B. causes a decrease in labor force and an increase in tax

　　C. strengthens the relationship between family members

　　D. promotes the development of Japan's care providing technology

　　19. My Spoon Feeding Robot______.

　　A. has not come on the market yet

　　B. cannot use a fork

　　C. helps the elderly eat

　　D. can operate a stick with its chin

　　20. What is the passage mainly talking about?

　　A. The development of technology in Japan.

　　B. An invention — My Spoon Feeding Robot.

　　C. Robots can help elderly Japanese.

　　D. The rapidly aging population in Japan.

　　参考答案

　　BDCC

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