天津市武清区杨村第四中学2016届高考英语一轮复习语法专题十三《名词性从句》课件外研版

　　二、时态：学习名词性从句时，主从句动词的时态一致。

　　1.在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如： Mary says that Tom isn’t lazy. Tom is doing well in his lesson. She will ask Tom some questions. Tom may fall behind the others. She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall. She said that

　　2. 如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：

　　3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：

　　(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.

　　(2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 三、几组易混引导词的区别。 (1) What 与 that

　　在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所…的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：

　　(1) What you have done might do harm to others.

　　(2) What caused the accident is a complete mystery .

　　(3)I think (that) you will like the stamps. 2、whether与if

　　whether与if在前面已经说过. 3、because与why

　　because与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如： (1) I think it’s because you’re doing too much. (2) He was ill . That is why he was late for school. (3) The reason why he was late

　　was that he was ill. 1、My hometown is no longer______it used to be.（　　） 练习题： A、that B、what C、when D、which B 2、They wonder____ their son was getting along with his study.（　　） A、whether B、that C、what D、how D 3、_____ he is living now is not known to anybody.（　　） A、When B、If C、Whether D、Why C 4、Word came _____ I was invited to attend the meeting.（　　） A、which B、when C、where D、that D 5、The fact ____ we were interested in ____ all of them.（　　） A、that; was surprised B、which; surprised C、what; was surprised D、when; surprised B 6、____ the scientist who gave us a talk will go abroad.（　　） A、It said that B、It says when C、It is said that D、He is said C 7、He told me ____ there.（　　） A、that has been happened B、that happened C、what had happened D、what had been happened 8、___ I can’t understand is ___ he changed his mind.（　　） A、That; that B、What; why C、Which; how D、That; why 9、_____ his brother is ?（　　） A、What do you suppose B、What you suppose C、What do you suppose that D、You suppose that

　　10、The reason ____ he didn’t come to school yesterday is ____ he had to look after his sick mother at home.（　　） A、that; because B、why; for C、for; that D、why; that D 11、We all know the truth _____ the　　earth ____ round the sun.（　　） A、if; moved B、that; moves C、why; move D、whether; move B 12、_____ he said at the meeting is　　very important to us.（　　） A、That B、What C、Which D、Whether B 13、____ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.（　　） A、That B、What C、Why D、If A 14、All the books are here .You may borrow ____ you like.（　　） A、which B、what C、whichever D、that 15、Each of the blind men trusted that he knew ____.（　　） A、how the beast looked like B、how was the beast like C、what was the beast like D、what the beast was like D 16、That is ____ he was often late for school.（　　） A、what B、that C、why D、whether C 17、--- What do you think of China?

　　--- _____ different it is today

　　from ____ it used to be?（　　） A、How;

　　what

　　B、What; what C、How; that

　　D、What; that A 18、I wish I

　　____ the meeting held

　　last week.（　　） A、attended B、had been able to attend C、could attend D、was able to attend B

　　19、____ is well known ____ much progress has been made in China in the past twenty years.（　　） A、What ; what B、It ; that C、It ; what D、That ; that B 20、He suggested that we _____ to

　　the cinema.（　　） A、go B、shall go

　　C、are going D、will go

　　A 1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.

　　A. if

　　B. what

　　C. whether

　　D. how

　　2.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.

　　A .which

　　B. when

　　C. /

　　D .that

　　3.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.

　　A .why; why

　　B. why; because

　　C. why ; that

　　D. that; because 4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.

　　A. What; why

　　B. Which; how

　　C. That; why

　　D. What; because 5. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

　　A. That

　　B. Whether

　　C. If

　　D. Even if 6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. that 7. I have the information ____.

　　A. of what he’ll come soon

　　B. that he’ll come soon

　　C. of that he’ll come soon

　　D. his coming soon

　　C D C A B D B 单项填空 8. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.

　　--- ____ it made me nearly mad.

　　A. That he broke

　　B. What he broke

　　C. He broke

　　D. His break 9.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a

　　short time.

　　A.how

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. what 10.--- Can I help you?

　　--- Yes, do you know ____?

　　A. when comes the bus

　　B. when will come the bus

　　C. when does the bus come

　　D. when the bus comes 11. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.

　　A. that

　　B. if

　　C. what

　　D. that if 12. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.

　　A. what; that

　　B. it; that

　　C. what; when

　　D. which; what A A D D A 专题十三：名词性从句 Related Conception (相关概念) 1.名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分? 名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。学.科.网 The boy is li Ming. 主语 表语 Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English . 主语 同位语 宾语 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。 什么是名词性从句?

　　1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend. 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句的种类 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句 1.What I want to do is taking a bath. 2.The news that they won the game spread the whole school. 3.I don’t think (that) he is an honest boy. 4.The fact is that he stole the car. 5.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?

　　6.It is said that they won the game. 7.Do you know the man who is standing over there? (主从) (同位语从句) (宾从) (表从) (同位语从句) (定从) (主从) 名词性从句的连接词？学.科.网 例词 功能 从属 连词

　　that, whether, if，as if（只用于表词从句） 只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。 连接 代词 Who, whom, what, which ,whose

　　既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主、宾、表或定等成分 连接 副词

　　when, where, why, how，how many, how much 既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。学.科.网 主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。 1. That she passed the driving test made us amazed. 2. Why he failed the exam wasn’t clear. 4. It is a pity that she cannot come. 3. Whether he has failed the exam wasn’t clear. 当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语，常用句型有：学.科.网 It+be+形容词+that从句 常见adj.：clear、important、necessary、probable、possible、certain 、obvious、true、natural、good、surprising、likely （1）It is certain that she will do

　　well in her exam. （2） It is probable that he told

　　me everything. 2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句 常见n：no wonder、an hour、a good thing、a pity、no surprise、a pity、a shame

　　(1) It is a pity that we can’t go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should

　　have won the game.

　　3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 常见词：reported、thought、hoped、believed、known、 said、expected、decided、arranged

　　(1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly. 4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物

　　动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.

　　That he will come here on Wednesday is certain. 1.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain. 2.注意：主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if” 3.主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。四中固定搭配 It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句 It is necessary that…

　　有必要… It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句 It is known to us/all that ….

　　众所周知… 用it形式主语的that从句的四种不同的搭配： It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句 It is a fact that……

　　事实是…… It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句 It occurred to me that……

　　我突然想起…… (1) This was what Tom was reading. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) That is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived. 表语从句：在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。 Our purpose is that he can realize his faults. 1. 注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。 The question is whether it is worth doing. 2.注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if” 试区分以下句子 Is this museum what you visited? Is this the museum that you visited? Is this museum the one that you visited? 注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句。 (表从) (定从) (定从) 宾语从句 1、用作及物动词的宾语 (1) They pretended （that） they were reading in the room. (2) I didn’t know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldn’t tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising （that ）nothing would hurt him. 引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去 2、用作介词的宾语从句：

　　I was pleased by what he told me.

　　He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.

　　He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son. 注意事项： A. 宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if，但是下列情况只用whether。 1）在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I don’t know whether or not he’ll come. I wonder whether it is true or not. 2）介词后面的宾语从句只用whether

　　Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.

　　3）引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether

　　Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

　　The question is whether it is worth doing.

　　4）whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.

　　Please tell me whether to go or not. B. 宾语从句中的否定转移 注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。

　　I don’t think he will come here.

　　We don’t think you can do it, can you?

　　C. 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。 We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days. 同位语从句 在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句. 同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。 他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。 He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.

　　(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.

　　(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.

　　(3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.

　　(4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.

　　(5) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. 试区分以下句子 Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the fact that they were talking about? 注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。

　　2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。 (同从) (定从) 一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处 1、两种从句都可以译成定语

　　e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。

　　The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。

　　2、两种从句都可以用that引导

　　e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。

　　The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。

　　二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步

　　说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、

　　限定前面的名词。

　　e.g. The news that our team has won the final match

　　is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）

　　2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。

　　e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）

　　2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）

　　注意事项： 一、语序：在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。 (1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when we’ll complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.