中考听力短文理解题型及解题技巧

"听"是信息的输入，只有听懂了别人的话才能与人交流。听力题量的比重一般占中考整份试卷比重的30%左右，通过对中考听力内容的分析、比较我们发现：除了常见的听力题型外，上海、河北、南京、黄冈、桂林、吉林、北京西城区、广东、广州、青海等省市都采用了将听的内容与图片相结合的题目，这不但丰富了试卷的结构内容，而且顺应了时代的要求，将来这样的听力题型将会"全面开花"。本文就中考听力常见的短文理解题型结合2003年的中考题目与同学们一起探讨该类题型的解题技巧，为同学们指点迷津。

短文理解是中考听力中的重头戏，也是听力中最令我们头痛的题型，既要听那么长的文章，又要阅读试卷上的问题，往往丢分也在此。不过在做短文听力时，只要我们掌握一些技巧，实际上也还是能做到得心应手的。为了便于大家理解，我们还是结合实例来说明一下吧！

2003年北京西城区听力试题(保留原题号)

II. 听短文，选答案。

根据短文的意思，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。

16. What happens to Jack one day?

A. He feels ill.B. A car hits him.

C. His ball is missing.

17. What is Jack's problem?

A. He can't get to sleep.

B. He can't sleep well.

C. He can't wake up.

18. Who brings Cody to the hospital?

A. Jack's parents.B. The nurses.

C. Jack himself.

19. Who wakes up Jack at last?

A. His father.B. The doctor.

C. His dog.

20. How long does Jack stay in hospital?

A. Seven days.B. Seven weeks.

C. Seven months.

在听短文之前，我们先来简短分析一下题干及选项。

16. Jack发生了什么？病了？被车撞了还是丢了球？

17. Jack的问题是什么？不能入睡，睡眠不好还是不能醒来？故此可排除丢球的可能。

18. 谁带Cody到医院？Jack的父母，护士还是Jack他自己？由此猜测：Jack住院了。

19. 最后谁叫醒了Jack？他的父亲，医生还是他的狗？据此可推断：17是Jack不能醒来。按推理，既然特别提到狗，加上孩子们喜欢小动物，应大胆猜测：是小狗叫醒了Jack。

20. Jack在医院呆了多久？7天，7周还是7个月？

好了，通过对上述信息的分析，现在我们应该对这篇要听的短文有个大概的了解了：Jack生病或被车撞了(不能确定，待听)，住了院，不能醒来，有人(谁呢？待听)把他的小狗带到了医院，小狗叫醒了他(有待确定)，然后继续住院("时间有多久"待听)。有了这些猜测，大家心里就有底了，听起来就更加轻松了?OK. Now listen carefully, please.

【听力原文】

Jack is an 11-year-old boy. One day he is playing with a ball. The ball goes into the street, and Jack runs for the ball. A car hits him.

Jack's parents take him to the hospital. The doctors tell them, "Jack's head is hurt. Maybe he will wake up very soon. Maybe he will never wake up."

Every day Jack's parents go to see him and talk to him. But Jack never talks to them. He just sleeps.

One day Jack's father says, "Wake up, Jack. Let's go home and play with Cody." Cody is Jack's dog.

When Jack's father says "Cody", Jack moves his arm.

Then Jack's parents have an idea. They tell the nurses, "We want to bring Jack's dog to the hospital. Is it OK?"

"A dog in the hospital?" the nurses say. "That's very unusual. But, yes, it's OK."

The next day, Jack's parents bring Cody to the hospital. When they put the dog on Jack's bed, Jack opens his eyes.

Jack's parents bring Cody to the hospital every day. One day, Cody jumps on Jack's bed and touches Jack's arm. Jack says his first words, "Bad dog!"

After seven weeks Jack is well. He leaves the hospital and goes home with Cody.

当你带着问题有所侧重、从容不迫地去听录音时，常常比漫无重点地去听要好多了。怎么样，用这种方法做题是不是效果更好一些呢？上面短文的答案是：BCACB

另外，你还记得我们在平时听音时常用的一个方法吗？那就是要在收听录音的同时做一些简单的笔记，把一些你认为是关键的信息及时记下来，这样还能防止你因为紧张而忘掉你听明白的地方。还有一点需要我们注意，那就是要学会重视短文中每一小节的开头句或结尾句，就像汉语一样，它们常常是点睛之笔，千万不可忽视。比如这篇例文，第一段的最后一句就是第一个问题的答案。另外我们还要学会在选项中"求同存异"，就是对选项中的相同部分不必太过分在意，而应把注意力集中在不同部分的内容上，因为只有在不同的部分里，才是区分哪个是对，哪个是错的关键。

以上是笔者的点滴体会，希望能对同学们解短文听力题有所帮助。当然，同学们也不能过分依赖解题技巧，平时还要多听多练，当技巧与实践充分结合并达到运用自如时，听力测试的成绩便自然会提高。