当代中国盛产各类政治概念、政治术语,它们是各个时期政治活动和社会面貌的真实记录者。在汉英
为了确保政治时事术语的
对于这一更改,上述分析似乎还不太完善,首先是没有指出integrity乃是西方国家对于“清正廉洁”的最好理解,《朗文当代高级英语辞典》对integrity的释义是:the quality of being honest and of always having high moral principles。在他们眼里,小到一个个人,大到一个机构乃至一个政府一个国家,没有integrity是万万不行的,个人有personal integrity,公众有public integrity,机构组织有organizational integrity,政府有government integrity,国家有national integrity,美国大学的招生简章里往往会有这么一句话:Applicants should demonstrate academic achievement, financial need, and personal integrity。因此,这一改动应该说是更好地符合国外受众的心理习惯和表达方式。
此外,无论是改动前还是改动后的译文,都把“反腐”
为了进一步说明“反腐”是译为fight corruption还是combat corruption,特通过GOOGLE查询来了解情况。输入fight corruption查询,结果似乎不太那么乐观,因为虽然一些相关网页使用了这一表达,但是,在一些网页上,fight和corruption是分开的,还有一些网页上,fight 和corruption加上了一个介词against,说明还存在着fight against corruption这个说法。其次,这些网页中,权威部门的不是很多。相反,输入combat corruption进行查询,结果不但找到了大量网页,而且,在前面的至少100个网页中,combat corruption都出现在了标题之中,都是完整的词语组合,而在后面的几百个网站中,虽然combat corruption并非全部出现在标题中,但也都是完整的词语组合,而GOOGLE查询相关表达时的最大特点就是,如果被查询的词语始终是组合在一起的,那就说明这种表达十分可靠。查询combat corruption的另一个结果是,不少网站出自权威部门,如联合国、世界银行、世界卫生组织和国际刑警组织等。为了更好地说明问题,特把相关网站及标题列举如下:
1)Global standards to combat corruption in police forces/services
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Corruption/Standard/Default.asp
2) Helping Countries Combat Corruption: The Role of the World Bank
3)WHO sets up network to combat corruption in medicines procurement
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2006/np31/en/index.html
4)Digital tenders combat corruption
http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2007/05/16/digital-tenders-combat-corruption.php
5)Principles To Combat Corruption In African Countries
www.respondanet.com/english/anti_corruption/publications/documents/africa.htm - 17k -
6)President Dmitry Medvedev outlined an ambitious plan Wednesday to combat corruption, which he said has become a "way of life" in Russia.
www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/02/europe/EU-Russia-Corruption.php - 67k -
特别值得一提的是,combat corruption早就被我国主流外宣媒体采用,而且,GOOGLE查询也发现,我国的主流外宣媒体也经常使用这一表达。例如:
7)Leading Official Stresses Need To Combat Corruption in State-owned Enterprises
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200009/10/eng20000910_50172.html
8)Shanghai Stresses Auditing to Combat Corruption
http://english.people.com.cn/english/200103/06/eng20010306_64168.html
9)Wen calls for more efforts to combat corruption
http://www.chinalaw.gov.cn/jsp/contentpub/browser/contentpro.jsp?contentid=co8497082372
10)Guangdong will boost efforts to combat corruption
www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-05/01/content_6656044.htm
上述分析可以看出,“反腐”译为fight corruption是可以的,但不如combat corruption来得更为理想,依据之一是词汇释义,之二是实际使用情况。实际上,“反腐倡廉”也没有必要一定要
另外,“反腐败”其实在英语中还有其他表达,如动词性的词语fight/combat graft,名词性的词语graft fighting以及前缀法组合anti-graft。这是因为graft是典型的美国英语用词,因此,美国人更习惯于使用graft来表示“贪污”,“受贿”,尤指通过政治影响谋取私利,如此看来,凡是有权有势的官员的贪污腐败,我们更应该使用graft这个单词,尤其是美国英语在国际舞台上占据着优势地位。如美国参议院网站上就有这么一句话:Senator Mark's Anti-Graft bill was reported out today by the Senate Committee on Codes.也许是受美国的强大影响,菲律宾的“总统反贪污委员会”就叫做The Presidential Anti-Graft Commission。事实上,我国媒体也早已开始使用graft来表示“贪污”,如新华网2008年7月22日的一篇英语资讯报道的标题如下:China's anti-graft chief calls for more int'l co-op in fighting corruption。
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