希腊债务危机专业词汇解读[1]

Don't know your Drachma from your Troika? Here we explain some of the Greek debt crisis jargon you may have read, but not recognised.

搞不清Drachma和Troika的意思？我们为大家解读一些希腊债务危机中的专业词汇，你可能见过这些词，但不见得都认识。

Austerity 紧缩

Europe-wide economic policy of reducing government spending to reduce deficit or borrowing. Austerity measures were implemented in Greece as a condition of bailout loans, but rejected by its new anti-austerity government in January.

欧洲范围内实行的经济政策，主要是通过缩减政府开支减少赤字或借贷。希腊获得援助贷款的前提就是实施紧缩政策，但是今年1月新组建的政府反对紧缩，拒绝执行。

Drachma 德拉克马

Greek currency before it was replaced by euro in 2001. The word translates as "handful". One of the world's earliest currencies, and the oldest in Europe, the drachma dates back as far as 1,100BC. It could soon make a hasty comeback.

2001年欧元通行之前希腊的货币。这个词的意思是“少量”。德拉克马是世界上最早出现的货币，也是欧洲最古老的货币，可以追溯到公元前1100年。或许过不了多久，这个货币就要回归了呢。

Grexit 希腊退出欧元区

Short for "Greek exit" from the Eurozone. First coined by financial analysts in 2012 and now a real and looming possibility. Not to be confused with "Brexit" - the possibility of Britain leaving the EU.

这个词是“希腊退出欧元区”的缩写形式，2012年由金融分析人士首创，现在倒真真切切近在眼前了。可不要跟Brexit搞混了哦，后者是指英国可能脱离欧盟。

Greferendum 希腊公投

Another handy portmanteau - short for "Greek referendum". The outcome of Greece's debt crisis now rests in the hands of its people after Greece announced it would hold a referendum on 5 July on the terms of its debts.

这是又一个容易看穿的合成词，是“希腊公投”的缩写形式。希腊债务危机的最后走向现在掌握在全体希腊人民的手中，希腊政府宣布将于7月5日举行公投来决定债务解决条款。

ECB(European Central Bank) 欧洲央行

The ECB is the central bank of the eurozone and is responsible for setting the currency's monetary policy. It is owed about 6% of Greece's overall debt.

欧洲央行是欧元区的中央银行，负责制定欧元的货币政策。希腊的债务总额中有6%是欠欧洲央行的。

ELA(Emergency Liquidity Assistance) 紧急流动性援助

Emergency cash, in effect, loaned to Greece by the ECB to make sure Greek banks stay afloat while the country negotiates with its creditors.

应急资金，目前正在实施，由欧洲央行借给希腊以确保该国政府与债权方商讨债务方案时，希腊银行能够保持资金流动。

ESM(European Stability Mechanism) 欧洲稳定机制

The ESM is the eurozone's rescue fund. It can provide countries in financial difficulty with up to €500 billion ($560bn). Greece has requested an ESM bailout to cover all its financial needs for two years.

欧洲稳定机制使欧元区的援助基金，能够为遇到财政困难的国家提供高达5000亿欧元（约合5600亿美元）的援助资金。希腊已经要求欧洲稳定机制为其连续两年提供所需的全部金融支持资金。

Eurozone 欧元区

The group of 19 EU countries that share a common currency - the euro. Has so far weathered the financial crisis and kept Greece within the currency, but there are serious fears about the future of the currency should Greece exit.

欧盟19个共用统一货币——欧元的国家。欧元区目前也算平安度过了金融危机，希腊也还留在这个集体里。不过，加入希腊真的脱离欧元区的话，欧元的未来也颇值得担忧。

Exposure 面临风险

Almost all the eurozone countries have lent money to Greece, leaving them "exposed" if Greece can't pay. The Eurozone's largest economies, Germany and France, are owed the most but countries with smaller or less robust economies, such as Slovenia and Spain, would likely suffer more.

几乎所有的欧元区国家都给希腊借过钱，如果希腊无法还债，那么这些国家都面临风险。德国和法国这两个欧元区最大的经济体借债额最高，不过，斯洛文尼亚和西班牙这种经济实力不太强的国家可能会在希腊债务危机中受损更多。

Haircut 债务减值

A reduction in the value of a troubled borrower's debts. In 2011, Greece's private lenders received a massive 50% haircut of what they were owed, reducing Greece's debt by €100bn ($110bn). Greece pushed for a second debt haircut this year but has failed to reach an agreement with its creditors.

对遭遇经济困境的债务方所欠债务进行减值。2011年，希腊的私有银行债权方同意对希腊所欠债务减值50%，将希腊的债务减少了1000亿欧元。今年，希腊再次要求债务减值，但是没有跟债权方达成协议。

Paperology 文件学

The exchange of documents between Greece and its EU negotiating partners has gone on for so long with no breakthrough that it has been given its own name - "paperology".

希腊和欧盟谈判方之间的文件往来持续了很久但没有任何进展，这种状况被叫做“文件学”。

Troika 三巨头

A Russian word meaning a group of three, used by Greek journalists and then others to describe the EU, ECB, and IMF - the trinity of institutions responsible for monitoring Greece's austerity measures. Greece's new prime minister, Alexis Tsipras, vowed in February that he would no longer acknowledge the "Troika" as an entity.

这是一个俄语词，指三人小组或者三国集团，希腊记者将欧盟、欧洲央行和国际货币基金组织合称为Troika，因为这三个组织共同负责监督希腊的紧缩政策。希腊新任总理齐普拉斯今年2月表示，他不再承认这三个组织整体是一个实体组织。