俄媒爆料改革内幕 称普京计划恢复“克格勃”

Russian President Vladimir Putin Reportedly Planning Reforms to Effectively Resurrect KGB

俄媒爆料改革内幕 称普京计划恢复“克格勃”

President Vladimir Putin is planning a major restructuring of the country’s security services that would effectively mean a rebirth of the KGB, according to a report in the Russian media.

据俄罗斯媒体报道，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京计划重点重建国家安全服务，这意味着俄罗斯将恢复克格勃（KGB，苏联安全委员会）。

Respected business paper Kommersant quoted anonymous officials as saying that a new body called the “Ministry for State Security” would be established before Russia’s 2018 presidential elections that, in its powers and roles, appears to closely resemble the Soviet-era KGB.

备受尊重的商业媒体《生意人报》引用未署名的信息源称，俄罗斯将在2018年总统大选之前建立一个全新的机构即国家安全部，其职权与地位几乎与苏联时期的克格勃相近。

The new body would be known by the acronym “MGB.”

新机构的缩写为“MGB”。

The reforms would restore most of the KGB’s functions to its successor service, the FSB, while also returning the foreign intelligence gathering to the same body, according to the newspaper.

从该报获知，此次改革将恢复克格勃的大部分职能给其继任部门联邦安全局（FSB），同时恢复外交情报收集工作。

The result would be a single powerful security structure, sitting at the heart of the state’s enforcement machinery, much as the KGB once did in the Soviet Union.

最终，俄罗斯将会出现一个单一的强大的安全机构，处于整个国家执行机构的核心，这和苏联时期克格勃的作用非常相似。

Significantly, the changes would grant the new ministry powers not only to conduct criminal investigations but also give it procedural oversight over cases run by Russia’s other law enforcement bodies. At the same time, Russia’s top investigative bodies that now oversee political trials would see their powers sharply reduced and transferred to the MGB. The measures would make the body the most powerful security structure in the country.

更重要的是，这一改革将赋予新成立的国家安全部更多权力，其将负责刑事调查以及监督其他执法机构。同时，俄罗斯目前监督政治审判的最高调查机构的权力将大幅减少，移交给国家安全部。这一举措将使其成为该国最具权力的安全机构。

“If before we were just providing support to investigation, then now we’re being tasked with managing their progress from the moment that criminal charges are brought to their transfer to court,” an anonymous FSB operative told Kommersant.

“如果之前我们只是协助调查监督，而现在我们负责管理其从刑事指控到移交给法庭的进程，”联邦安全局的一名匿名工作人员告诉《生意人报》。

The Kremlin has yet to comment on the report. Officials in the agencies that would see their powers curtailed told Kommersant they were not aware of the proposals.

俄罗斯政府也不得不就此报道发表评论。机构官员的权力将受到制约，他们告诉《生意人报》其并未意识到此提议。

The plan was conceived some months ago and ought to be fulfilled in time for the 2018 elections, according to Kommersant’s sources. But the chief obstacles now were finding the budget to afford the reforms, which would require huge redundancy payments, as well the need to pass laws authorizing them, the sources said.

据《生意人报》消息得知，此计划于几个月之前提出，应于2018年大选开始前实现。但目前最大的困难是为改革寻找资金，这将需要大量的解雇金，还需要通过法律授权，消息人士称。

Parliamentary elections on Sunday delivered Putin’s ruling party a decisive majority, meaning the legislative body is unlikely to offer much opposition to the project.

周日的议会选举中普京代表的执政党占决定性多数，也就是对此计划立法机构不太可能提出太多反对意见。

The KGB, or the “Committee for State Security,” was disbanded in 1991 after the Soviet Union fell, and replaced by the FSB, a greatly reduced body with many of the KGB’s responsibilities dispersed among different agencies.

克格勃或“国家安全委员会”于1991年在苏联解体后遭解散，联邦安全局取而代之，成为一个权力大减的机构，克格勃的许多权力分散于不同机构。

The KGB remains synonymous with spying and political repression. It administered the U.S.S.R’s police state, operating mass surveillance and persecuting dissidents, but also overseeing many of the country’s key institutions. Putin himself worked as an spy for the KGB in East Germany, and later headed the FSB before becoming president.

克格勃仍然是间谍和政治压迫的代名词。其管理前苏联警察国家、进行群众监督、迫害持不同 政见者，但也监督许多国家重要机构。普京曾作为间谍在东德为克格勃效力，在成为总统之前为联邦安全局局长。

When the U.S.S.R. fell, much of the popular anger against it was directed specifically against the KGB as the keystone of Soviet oppression. The suggestion that the Kremlin is planning to restore it, almost in name, will prompt alarm among some that Putin is working to re-establish the core architecture of the Soviet authoritarian state.

苏联解体时，民众大都十分愤怒，具体来说是直接反对克格勃这一压迫苏联民众的关键机构。俄罗斯政府计划恢复克格勃，甚至在名字上也十分相近，这将造成全国恐慌，普京正在重建苏联集权国家的核心架构。