英语句子有时复杂难辨的另一个原因是由于句子中的某些成分被省略掉了。为了避免重复,增强所表达的意思的紧凑性、逻辑性和新颖性,常常把句子前部分已经交代过的人、事或动作在不影响语义内容表达连贯的情况下,从句子后部分的成分中省略掉。省略一般出现在平行结构的后半部分或各类从句中。被省略的部分大多是主语,谓语或者谓语的助动词等。
Exercise
When a man has a gun against your head you do what you're told.
Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict one.
The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.
要点:what you're told后面省略了 to do 。 在ask,order等动词后一般都出现这种省略。
译文:当有人拿枪顶着你的脑袋时,你就该照他说的去做。
要点:while连词在句中表示转折。while句中省略了部分表语成分,补全成分应为 ...,while the parties to a conflict are aware of one another.
译文:竞争者可能彼此并不了解对方,然而冲突双方却互相了解。
要点:set...against...意为“把。。。和。。。对立”。those指代前面interests,避免重复。and后面省略了those。
译文:这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来。
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