连贯性是新托福口语评分标准中的一个非常重要的因素,它指的是托福口语答案中信息点之间的衔接是否自然流畅。以下归纳整理的资料可以帮助考生增强口语回答连贯性的六条指导原则。
1. 运用总分总的结构
Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:
Introductory statement
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Concluding statement
An example of this pattern is shown below:
Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.
1. way of obtaining specimens
2. spares can be released into the wild
3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators
The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.
2. 运用连接词
Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.
These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.
3. 解释或定义陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at
the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
小学英语作文:最好的爸爸 The Best Father
小学英语作文:海风 Sea Breeze
英语四级作文:网络谣言
普京真有20亿美元资产吗?
英语六级作文:互联网学习
英语四级作文:自私和贪婪
英文情书:My Vision Of You我眼中的你
英语专八美文:净化心灵空间
初中英语作文:吃夜宵的坏处 The Bad Side of Eating Food at Night
英语专八范文
英语四级作文:更换工作
英语四级作文:活到老学到老
潘基文2016年保护臭氧层国际日致辞
初中英语作文:狗狗的最后一天 The Dog's Last Day
初中英语作文:当财富掉下来 When Fortune Falls
英文情书:Love Of My Life我一生的爱
英文情书:Thank You For Your Love感谢你的爱
英语四级作文:看电影的好处
英语四级作文:不文明游客
英语四级作文:创造自己的人生
英语专八范文:如何看待儿童早上学
奥巴马计划在2017年接纳更多难民
英语四级作文:儿童真人秀
英语专八范文:好邻居的标准是什么?
去首尔发现标牌翻译错误有奖金
英文情书:Genuine Love真爱永远
英语六级作文:网络游戏
英文情书:The Day We Met我们相遇的日子
英语专八作文:梦想还是幻想?
英语六级作文:曝光不文明的市民
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |