所谓思维定势,指的就是人们的一种思维倾向,它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。
英语学习中的思维定势,对于同学们有利也有弊。其利在于:它可以帮助同学们利用以前所学知识迅速联系所接触的语言现象,从而解决具体的语言实际问题;其弊在于,有时它会误导同学们对于一些比较特殊的句子或语言现象,想当然地套用已形成的思维定势,从而得出错误的结论。
事实说明,各级各类考试的命题者常常利用考生思维定势这一特点,有意编拟一些比较特殊的句子或结构来测试考生对某一知识点的灵活处理技巧和深层理解能力。比如:同学们都知道,像can, may, must, could, might, should等情态动词,其后要接动词原形(即不带to的不定式),但是请看以下试题,这些情态动词后要用动词原形吗?
1. He ran as fast as he could _____ the bus.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
此题答案选A吗?错了,正确答案为B。你知道为什么吗?
2. He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the bus.
A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped
此题答案选A还是B?你若选A,错了;于是你就选B,同样也错了。此题最佳答案是C。你觉得奇怪吗?为什么前一句的He ran as fast as he could后接带to不定式to catch,而后一句的He ran as fast as he could后要接现在分词hoping呢?
你想弄懂以上问题吗?你还想做做类似的一些陷阱题吗?请往下看。
1.这个such...that中的that引导的是结果状语从句吗
Mr. Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.
A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as
此题容易误选A,一方面是因为such ... that ...是同学们很熟悉的一个句式,一看就可能选中了;另一方面,将such ... that ...的意思如此以至代入句中,也完全通顺,即史密斯先生是一位如此优秀的教师,以至我们大家都尊敬他。从表面上看,以上分析很有道理,但其实错了。因为在such ... that ...结构中,that引导的是结果状语从句,并且that在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入such ... that ...,句末的respect显然缺少宾语(注意:respect是及物动词)。正确的答案应是B,as用做关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词teacher,同时as在定语从句中用做动词respect的宾语,句意为史密斯先生是我们大家都尊敬的一位好老师。有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到such的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导,而不用that。
顺便说一句,假若在原句的respect后加上him一词,则应选A,即He is such a good teacher that we all respect him,他是如此好的一位老师,我们大家都尊敬他。
2. can\'t help后一定要接动名词吗
She can\'t help _____ the house because she\'s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
此题容易误选B,简单地套用can\'t help doing sth这一结构。其实此题应选A,注意以下两个结构均可用,但是含义不同:can\'t help doing sth =禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事;can\'t help to do sth =不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法,一般辞书均将其作为固定搭配列出来,许多老师对此也比较强调,从而就使同学们形成了思维定势;而后者为help表示帮助时的本义用法,因同学们平时对此不大注意,一看到上面的试题马上就联想到can\'t help doing sth这一结构,从而误选了B。
While shopping, people sometimes can\'t help _____ into buying something they don\'t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此题应选C,句中的can\'t help意为禁不住(注意根据句意用被动形式)。
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