2013年GMAT考试阅读理解模拟试题(9)

　　In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United States Supreme Court rejected the efforts of three Native American tribes to prevent the opening of tribal lands to non-Indian settlement without tribal consent. In his study of the Lone Wolf case, Blue Clark properly emphasizes the Court\'s assertion of a virtually unlimited unilateral power of Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate) over Native American affairs. But he fails to note the decision\'s more far-reaching impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, the federal government totally abandoned negotiation and execution of formal written agreements with Indian tribes as a prerequisite for the implementation of federal Indian policy. Many commentators believe that this change had already occurred in 1871 when--following a dispute between the House and the Senate over which chamber should enjoy primacy in Indian affairs--Congress abolished the making of treaties with Native American tribes. But in reality the federal government continued to negotiate formal tribal agreements past the turn of the century, treating these documents not as treaties with sovereign nations requiring ratification by the Senate but simply as legislation to be passed by both houses of Congress. The Lone Wolf decision ended this era of formal negotiation and finally did away with what had increasingly become the empty formality of obtaining tribal consent.

　　Question #8.

　　According to the passage, the congressional action of 1871 had which of the following effects?

　　(A) Native American tribal agreements were treated as legislation that had to be passed by both houses of Congress.

　　(B) The number of formal agreements negotiated between the federal government and Native American tribes decreased.

　　(C) The procedures for congressional approval and implementation of federal Indian policy were made more precise.

　　(D) It became more difficult for Congress to exercise unilateral authority over Native American affairs.

　　(E) The role of Congress in the ratification of treaties with sovereign nations was eventually undermined.

　　Question #9.

　　According to the passage, which of the following resulted from the Lone Wolf decision?

　　(A) The Supreme Court took on a greater role in Native American affairs.

　　(B) Native American tribes lost their legal standing as sovereign nations in their dealings with the federal government, but their ownership of tribal lands was confirmed.

　　(C) The federal government no longer needed to conclude a formal agreement with a Native American tribe in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe.

　　(D) The federal government began to appropriate tribal lands for distribution to non-Indian settlers.

　　(E) Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.

　　Question #10

　　The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

　　(A) identifying similarities in two different theories

　　(B) evaluating a work of scholarship

　　(C) analyzing the significance of a historical event

　　(D) debunking a revisionist interpretation

　　(E) exploring the relationship between law and social reality

　　文章概况：当地人想阻止把一些土地向外地人开放，但是政府禁止这么干，后面给了一些细节，说就是否开放这个政府一会和你谈一会又不和你谈。

　　8 问题是给细节，根据题干我们很容易找到考的句子，就是文章带1871年那句，我们来读一下：说美国政府放弃和这些人签署协议。我们来看看选项

　　A 好歹和法律有点关系，先留着

　　B协议数量变少了，没有提到过，杀

　　C 过程变的越来越精确，没提到过，杀

　　D 行使主权越来越难，没提，杀

　　E 议会作用被破坏了，没提，杀

　　9 细节，问W的决定产生的结果是什么? 根据文章脉络关系，结果应该在文章的后面，后面说的什么呢?不就是一会谈判一会终止谈判嘛，哪个选项沾边?只有C

　　10我们根据文章脉络看选项

　　A 识别了两个理论的相似性，文章没谈过两个理论，杀

　　B 评价了一个scholarship的工作，文章没谈过scholarship，去掉

　　C 分析一个历史事件的重要性，有的关系，而且像佛，先留着

　　D 一个revisionist的解释，文章就压根没有围绕这个家伙谈过，杀

　　E 探讨法律和社会现实之间的关系，有幻觉的选项，杀