2014年职称英语考试《卫生类B级》考试真题及答案

　　第一部分：词汇选项

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

　　1.London quickly became a flourishing port.

　　A. major

　　B. large

　　C. successful

　　D. commercial

　　答案：A

　　2.It was a magic night unitil the spell was broken.

　　A. charm

　　B. time

　　C. space

　　D. opportunity

　　答案：A

　　3.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.

　　A. prove

　　B. discover

　　C. consider

　　D. imagine

　　答案：B

　　4.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

　　A. copy

　　B. publish

　　C. summarize

　　D. furnish

　　答案：D

　　5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.

　　A. excitement

　　B. anger

　　C. calm

　　D. disappointment

　　答案：D

　　6.His stomach felt hollow with fear.

　　A. sincere

　　B. respectful

　　C. empty

　　D. terrible

　　答案：C

　　7.His knowledge of French is fair.

　　A. very useful

　　B. very limited

　　C. quite good

　　D. rather special

　　答案：C

　　8.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.

　　A. inflexible

　　B. hidden

　　C. traditional

　　D. official

　　答案：A

　　9.Several windows had been smashed.

　　A. cleaned

　　B. broken

　　C. replaced

　　D. fixed

　　答案：B

　　10.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.

　　A. homework

　　B. act

　　C. justice

　　D. model

　　答案：B

　　11.His professional career spanned 16 years.

　　A. lasted

　　B. started

　　C. changed

　　D. moved

　　答案：A

　　12.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.

　　A. parts

　　B. aspects

　　C. pains

　　D. results

　　答案：C

　　13.The group does not advocate the use of violence.

　　A. limit

　　B. regulate

　　C. oppose

　　D. support

　　答案：D

　　14.The majority of people around here are decent.

　　A. real

　　B. honest

　　C. normal

　　D. wealthy

　　答案：D

　　15.He led a very moral life.

　　A. human

　　B. honourable

　　C. intelligent

　　D. natural

　　答案：B

　　第二部分：阅读判断

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　Some Schooling on Backpacks

　　According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctorsoffices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.

　　How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.

　　I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.

　　Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.

　　Roller bags often dont fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.

　　16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：B

　　17.70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：B

　　18.Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：A

　　19.A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：B

　　20.Children should put all the books in their locker.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：B

　　21.Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：C

　　22.A 10-15 minutesexercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案：A

　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题　要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)

　　1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。

　　2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique.

　　3 Praclitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression.

　　4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that

　　promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.

　　23. Paragraph 1 ____________

　　答案：B

　　24. Paragraph 2 ____________

　　答案：C

　　25. Paragraph 3 ____________

　　答案：D

　　26. Paragraph 4 ____________

　　答案：A

　　A. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy

　　B. Introduction to aromatherapy

　　C. Personalized aromatherapy massage

　　D. Different views about aromatherapy

　　E. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine

　　F. Current research into aromatherapy

　　27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to ____.

　　答案：A

　　28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to ______.

　　答案：F

　　29. Aromatherapy is believed to _________ in various ways.

　　答案B

　　30. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _______.

　　答案：E

　　A. have healing effects

　　B. be used externally

　　C. be promoted

　　D. help the disabled

　　E. be further explored

　　F. suit different people

　　第四部分：阅读理解

　　短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

　　It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .

　　Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

　　Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .

　　Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

　　Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one

　　intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

　　Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

　　31.What is the main idea of this passage ?

　　A. The importance of intelligence .

　　B. The development of intelligence tests .

　　C. How to understand intelligence .

　　D. How to become intelligent .

　　答案：C

　　32.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?

　　A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .

　　B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .

　　C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .

　　D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .

　　答案：A

　　33.Gardner believes that ________ .

　　A. all children are alike .

　　B. children have different intelligences .

　　C. children should take one intelligence test .

　　D. there is no general intelligence .

　　答案：B

　　34.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .

　　A. test students IQs .

　　B. train students who do poorly on tests .

　　C. focus on finding the most intelligent students .

　　D. promote development of all intelligences .

　　答案：D

　　45.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

　　A. biological foundation .

　　B. musical foundation .

　　C. intrapersonal foundation .

　　D. linguistic foundation .

　　答案：A

　　第二篇　The Workers Role in Management

　　Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided suggestion boxes in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of laborthey have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?

　　Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.

　　It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

　　36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.

　　A. seldom obtained workersopinions

　　B. were not qualified

　　C. disliked suggestion boxes

　　D. never consulted the labor force.

　　答案：B

　　37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.

　　A. are no longer sellers of the products

　　B. are less affected by company decisions than before.

　　C. are able to make final decisions for the company.

　　D. should have a say in management of the company.

　　答案：D

　　38.The word rank-and-lifeParagraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.

　　A. senior

　　B. ordinary

　　C. intelligent

　　D. capable

　　答案：B

　　39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?

　　A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.

　　B. Workers did not make necessary concession.

　　C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.

　　D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.

　　答案：C

　　40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.

　　A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.

　　B. cannot get a share in the companys profits.

　　C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.

　　D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.

　　答案：A

　　第三篇　Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World

　　Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.

　　Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said， Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.

　　Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.

　　Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.

　　Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.

　　Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.

　　The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.

　　41.Which of the following is true about obesi

　　A. People in Japan neednt worry about obesity.

　　B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.

　　C.20% of the people in the world are overweight.

　　D.Obesity should be cured with new medication

　　42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree?

　　A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.

　　B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity.

　　C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.

　　D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease.

　　答案：D

　　43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______.

　　A. health insurance

　　B. preventive programs

　　C. state health services

　　D. obesity-related surgeries

　　答案：B

　　44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?

　　A. Diabetes

　　B. High blood pressure

　　C. Stomachache

　　D. Adipose tissue complaints

　　答案：A

　　45.The consequences in the last paragraph result from people_____.

　　A. reducing their weight

　　B. eating fast food

　　C. getting obese

　　D. spending too much time in front of TV sets

　　答案：C

　　第五部分：补全短文

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　The Day a Language Died

　　When Carios Westez died at the age of 76. a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.

　　We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the worlds ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages. As well, ___________(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.

　　Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.

　　Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _________(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.

　　What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what weve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. ____________(50)

　　A. As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase.

　　B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.

　　C . These language dont have many native speakers.

　　D . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.

　　E . Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).

　　F . Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.

　　答案：

　　46、F ;47、A ;48、C;49、D;50、B

　　第六部分：完形填空

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

　　Teaching and Learning Medicine Award

　　Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday , kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.

　　Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackbum and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical________(51)for their enzyme(酶)research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.

　　Only seven women have_______(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel prizes were________(53) out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who_______(54)the prize with Richard Axel.

　　Among the pairs possible_______(55)are Frenchman Piene Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who_________(56) up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors(核激素受体).

　　As usual,the award committee is giving no_________(57) about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholms Karolinska institute.

　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who__________(58) dynamite(炸药) established the prizes in his will in the__________(59) of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank.

　　Nobel left few instructions on how to_________(60) winners, but medicine winners are typically__________(61) for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

　　Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗) prize encourages_________(62) research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.

　　Individual researchers probably dont__________(63) at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre__________(64) work, Jornvall told the Associated Press. They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life___________(65).

　　51. A. signs B. Claims C. deals D. honors

　　52. A. lost B. taken C.won D. snatched

　　53. A. Handed B. Shouted C. read D. delivered

　　54. A. had B .received C. shared D. collected

　　55. A. rivals B. matches C. counterparts D. partners

　　56. A. backed B. opened C. picked D. worked

　　57. A. proposals B. suggestions C. ideas D. hints

　　58. A. saw B. discovered C. invented D. heard

　　59. A. groups B. divisions C. samples D. categories

　　60. A. find B. select C. locate D. search

　　61. A. awarded B. sent C. invited D .demanded

　　62. A. ordinary B. historical C. ongoing D. groundbreaking

　　63. A. regard B. laugh C. look D. smile

　　64. A. on B. for C. with D. at

　　65. A. means B. passes C. functions D. rises

　　答案：

　　51-55 DCACA

　　56-60 BDCDB

　　61-65 ADCDC