2015职称英语考试真题及答案：卫生类B级阅读理解

　　2015年全国职称英语考试于3月28日(9：00-11：00)举行。针对考后考生最关注的2015职称英语考试真题及答案解析问题，英语网在考后第一时间为您整理发布2015职称英语考试真题及答案解析：卫生类。预祝各位考生顺利通过2015职称英语考试!

　　2015年职称英语考试卫生B的阅读理解来自于综合教材阅读理解A类第40篇 New US Plan for Disease Prevention，即卫生B阅读理解出现了跨类别、跨级别出题的情况。以下是试题原文。各位考友可以参考原文，比对答案。

　　以下是综合教材原文：

　　+ 第四十篇 New US Plan for Disease Prevention

　　Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.

　　The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases the leading causes of death in the United States and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.

　　In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases. the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.

　　The causes are often behavioral smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.

　　I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future. Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.

　　Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.

　　Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives. he said.

　　The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.

　　Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.

　　The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who/are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.

　　The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.

　　If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.

　　Dangers Await Babies with Altitude

　　Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies，a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.

　　Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished-many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

　　To find out more，Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities：La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world，at 3.65 kilometers above sea level，while Santa Cruz is much lower，at 0.44 kilometers.

　　Sure enough，Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was Significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and lowincome families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.We were very surprised by this result, says Giussani.

　　The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, says Giussani.

　　His team also found that highaltitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of t11e body.

　　Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood.for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.