三级听力部分在100分的原始分中就占20分, 而其加权占了30%, 可见PETS对听力的重视。三级的听力理解部分由A(10段简短对话,4选1)和B(4段对话或独白,4选1)部分组成,考查考生理解英语口语的能力。A节考查考生理解事实性信息的能力,而B节考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要系统复习听力首先从功能意念开始,包括友好往来、交流补救、态度、情感、影响生活话语、时间表达、空间意念和比较关系等。从听力信息上讲,应当学会理解主旨要义、获取事实性具体信息、理解明确表达的概念性含义、进行有关的判断、推理和引申、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。要在听力部分得到高分,平时的训练技巧和考试的良好发挥都是不容忽视的。
依据图式理论,在语言的理解中,信息的接受者运用语言知识来分析、整合话语时采用自下而上(bottom-up)的加工模式,相反在运用非语言知识时采用的却是自上而下(top-down)的方式。听解中,前者对听解起制约性的关键作用,后者在听解中起辅助的作用。由此,我们可以得出结论,语言知识和非语言知识在听解中有着各自的作用,绝不能因顾此而失彼,听能的培养当中,只注重侧重语言知识或是片面地强调熟能生巧都会事倍功半甚至是徒劳无功的。学习者在平时的自主学习当中,也要从这两方面入手,着力提高语言知识水平,提高学习者利用非语言知识分析、归纳获取语言信息的能力。
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