语法常常作为考点穿梭在试卷的各个角落,但是考生却不一定能够发现它的身影,所以往往因为语法失了分的同学在总结失败原因时总是不明白自己明明该读懂的内容也懂了,该认识的单词也认识了,可是怎么就做不对题呢,这是因为英语的学习仅仅堆积知识是不够的,必须学会掌握语法知识,运用语法框架将所学知识串联起来,这样才能建立坚硬的英语基石。下面是一篇英语四六级的虚拟语气讲解的内容,是精心为各位考生整理的语法知识,希望考生认真掌握。
什么是虚拟语气
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,主要用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气句型分类
虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,所以采用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件句主要有三种结构:
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If+主语+过去时,主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:
例如:If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
2、表示与过去情况相反:
从句:If+主语+had+done,主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
例如:If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
3、表示与将来情况相反:主句谓语用would / could / might +动词原形,从句谓语用were +动词不定式或should +动词原形。
例如:If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
虚拟目的状语
1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为: + do。并且should能省略,in case不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief come in.
2、在so that / in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.
虚拟宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would +动词原形。如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
例如:I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
虚拟条件句连接词if的省略用法
1、如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时,可以省略连接词if,但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。
例如:Had it not been for his help, we couldnt have arrived there on time.
2、表示过去未能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时或would / could + have +过去分词 。
例如:I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.
3、 表示将来不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用would / should +动词原形。
例如:I wish I could travel around the world one day.
4.、特定动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
在一些动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
例如:The workers demanded that their wages be raised by 10 per cent.
5.、特定名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
例如:He gave the order that they do the experiment again.
以上就是文都老师为大家总结的中虚拟语气的主要几种用法,考生可以巧妙利用暑假时间提前掌握哦,虚拟语气在英语中用法非常广泛,但是内容又非常繁杂,考生一定要耐心复习,把每一种用法都彻底吃透,希望各位考生都能度过一个愉快而又充实的暑假。
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