名师解析大学英语四六级翻译部分的从句

　　第二讲 从句

　　从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

　　一. 名词性从句

　　名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。

　　1.主语从句---从句作主语

　　主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。

　　That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。

　　特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。★★

　　What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。

　　How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。

　　Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。

　　特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。

　　2.宾语从句---从句作宾语。

　　The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。

　　I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。

　　真题重现

　　Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ____________, not how much they can earn.

　　参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan

　　3.表语从句---从句作表语

　　The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。

　　In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____。

　　参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before

　　4.同位语从句---从句作同位语

　　同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括：

　　agreement, assumption, belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion, opinion, possibility, prediction, proposal, proposition, suggestion, rumor, theory, thought, truth

　　I have no doubt that he will overcome all his difficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。

　　二. 定语从句

　　定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。

　　真题重现

　　The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ .

　　参考答案：a field where we can cooperate.

　　三. 状语从句

　　状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。

　　真题重现

　　I am going to pursue this course, ____________。

　　参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make

　　Some psychologists claim that people______________

　　参考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home

　　Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _______________.

　　参考答案：While animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct.