大学英语四六级语法的试题虚拟语气详解资料(二)

　　大学英语四六级语法试题虚拟语气详解资料 名词性从句中的虚拟语气

　　第一节：宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

　　一)、对现在情况的虚拟：

　　从句用过去式或过去进行式。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were，实义动词用过去式。例：

　　1. I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。

　　3. I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.

　　现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.

　　二)、对过去情况的虚拟：

　　用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：

　　1. I wish I hadnt wasted so much time.

　　我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

　　2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.

　　他真希望没有失去机会。

　　3. We wished he had spoken to us.

　　4. I wish you had called earlier.

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

　　例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

　　A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

　　动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式或过去完成式。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had

　　to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

　　三)、对将来情况的虚拟：

　　从句动词would/should/could/might + 动词原形。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

　　1. I wish it would stop raining.

　　我希望雨能停止。

　　2. I wish you would be quiet.

　　我希望你安静一些。

　　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.

　　你希望她第二天会到。

　　4. I wish she would change her mind.

　　我希望她会改变主意。

　　5. He will wish we would join him the following week.