通过文章阅读学习英语六级词汇 Unit Eighteen
Type-A Personality and Heart Disease
If youre a classic Type A personality -- hard-driving, impatient, competitive, intense, easily irritated you are far more likely than a calm, laid-back Type B to suffer a heart attack, right?
Wrong, says a Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatrist who has studied more than 200 heart patients awaiting disgnostic tests and found virtually no correlation between classic Type A personalities and subsequent heart disease.
What does appear to be a predictor of serious heart trouble, says Dr. Joel E.Dimsdale, director of the MGH Stress Physiology Laboratory, is a chronic inability to deal constructively with anger and hostility.
He is now doing a study on anger and heart disease. The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type As were more heart-attack prone grew out of research at the framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.
Since the early studies, the A-B issue has been getting weaker. A large prospective study last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease. Now researchers are thinking in terms of anger in vs. anger out as the latest area of concern.
Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nations foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.
Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Faker says researchers now advocate maturely discussing anger either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend -- as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.
Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware of some facets of their personalities and hence cannot be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature.
Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a semistructured interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients. In the interview, he explained, you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you. People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience has long been considered a major component of Type A behavior.
Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as Type As did not fare worse than the others.
laid-back a.松弛的,悠闲的,懒散的
irritate vt.1.使恼怒,使烦躁 2.使不适,使疼痛
psychiatrist n.精神科医生,精神病专家
diagnose vt.诊断,判断
diagnostic a.诊断的,用于诊断的
syndrome n.综合病症,综合病状
prescription n.1.处方,药方 2.开处方,开药方
pharmacy n. 1.药房,药店 2.药剂学,配药
correlate vt.使相互关联 vi.相关,关联
correlation n.相互关系;联系
physiology n.1.生理学 2.生理,生理机能
physiological a.生理学的
chronic a.1.慢性的,久病的 2.长久的,不断的 3.积习难改的
hostility n.1.敌对,敌意,对抗 2.抵制,反对 3.交战,战争
hospitality n.友好款待,好客
hostage n.人质
boycott vt.抵制,拒绝参与
artery n.1.动脉 2.干线,要道
intersection n.道路交叉口,交点
junction n.联结点,会合点,交叉口,枢纽
prone a.1.易于的,很可能的 2.俯卧的
apt a.1.易于的,有倾向的 2.恰当的,适宜的 3.聪明的
prospective a.预期的,未来的,可能的
epidemic n.流行,流传,感染 a.流行性的,流传极广的
epidemiologist n.流行病学家
formost a.首要的,最佳的
optimum n.最合适的,最优的,最佳的
tantrum n.发脾气
questionnaire n.问卷,征求意见表
identify vt.1.认出,鉴定 2.把等同于 vi.认同
indentification n.1.身份证明 2.鉴定,验明,认出 3.认同
stammer n.结巴,口吃
subtle a.1.微妙的,难于捉摸的 2.诡秘的,狡诈的 3.隐约的
雅思听力中的高频地名总结
雅思听力的提高需要长期的努力
浅谈雅思听力技巧中的“读”和“猜”
雅思听力冲刺阶段的高级备考技巧
雅思听力图形标签题的三种分类
浅谈雅思听力中的衔接手段
详解雅思听力中的对话与独白
雅思听力:影子练习法助你拉长瞬间记忆
如何提高雅思听力的基本能力
雅思听力中的三种信号词分析
雅思听力高分的4个解题步骤
雅思听力反应速度慢需要对症下药
适合不同学生的雅思听力备考方案
雅思听力背景知识补充:圣诞树的来历
雅思听力高分奥秘:从声音到全篇
雅思听力:心理原因造成的“落差”需引以为戒
分享雅思听力租房场景的备考指南
雅思听力小词分析:but
雅思听力答题的三大失分点总结
雅思听力旅游场景的出题思路和考点归纳
增加雅思听力备考效率的练习方法
帮助雅思听力审题的两类关键词
雅思听力观点题的答题方法
雅思听力填空题和选择题的猜题技巧
适用于雅思听力备考的立体训练法
拿下雅思听力考试高分的6个策略
雅思听力Section4的应试技巧及常见话题介绍
初学者如何准备雅思听力考试?
雅思听力心得分享:一次只看一个session
雅思听力考试时如何调整紧张心情
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