通过文章阅读学习英语六级词汇 Unit Eighteen
Type-A Personality and Heart Disease
If youre a classic Type A personality -- hard-driving, impatient, competitive, intense, easily irritated you are far more likely than a calm, laid-back Type B to suffer a heart attack, right?
Wrong, says a Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatrist who has studied more than 200 heart patients awaiting disgnostic tests and found virtually no correlation between classic Type A personalities and subsequent heart disease.
What does appear to be a predictor of serious heart trouble, says Dr. Joel E.Dimsdale, director of the MGH Stress Physiology Laboratory, is a chronic inability to deal constructively with anger and hostility.
He is now doing a study on anger and heart disease. The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type As were more heart-attack prone grew out of research at the framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.
Since the early studies, the A-B issue has been getting weaker. A large prospective study last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease. Now researchers are thinking in terms of anger in vs. anger out as the latest area of concern.
Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nations foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.
Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Faker says researchers now advocate maturely discussing anger either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend -- as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.
Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware of some facets of their personalities and hence cannot be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature.
Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a semistructured interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients. In the interview, he explained, you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you. People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience has long been considered a major component of Type A behavior.
Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as Type As did not fare worse than the others.
laid-back a.松弛的,悠闲的,懒散的
irritate vt.1.使恼怒,使烦躁 2.使不适,使疼痛
psychiatrist n.精神科医生,精神病专家
diagnose vt.诊断,判断
diagnostic a.诊断的,用于诊断的
syndrome n.综合病症,综合病状
prescription n.1.处方,药方 2.开处方,开药方
pharmacy n. 1.药房,药店 2.药剂学,配药
correlate vt.使相互关联 vi.相关,关联
correlation n.相互关系;联系
physiology n.1.生理学 2.生理,生理机能
physiological a.生理学的
chronic a.1.慢性的,久病的 2.长久的,不断的 3.积习难改的
hostility n.1.敌对,敌意,对抗 2.抵制,反对 3.交战,战争
hospitality n.友好款待,好客
hostage n.人质
boycott vt.抵制,拒绝参与
artery n.1.动脉 2.干线,要道
intersection n.道路交叉口,交点
junction n.联结点,会合点,交叉口,枢纽
prone a.1.易于的,很可能的 2.俯卧的
apt a.1.易于的,有倾向的 2.恰当的,适宜的 3.聪明的
prospective a.预期的,未来的,可能的
epidemic n.流行,流传,感染 a.流行性的,流传极广的
epidemiologist n.流行病学家
formost a.首要的,最佳的
optimum n.最合适的,最优的,最佳的
tantrum n.发脾气
questionnaire n.问卷,征求意见表
identify vt.1.认出,鉴定 2.把等同于 vi.认同
indentification n.1.身份证明 2.鉴定,验明,认出 3.认同
stammer n.结巴,口吃
subtle a.1.微妙的,难于捉摸的 2.诡秘的,狡诈的 3.隐约的
雅思听力技巧发现段落主题
雅思听力备考的建议
雅思听力填空题特点的分析
雅思听力相貌的场景
雅思听力语法单词与短语
雅思听力配对题的方法
雅思听力复习的要点
雅思听力技巧发音
雅思考试听力常见的陷阱
雅思听力六大的误区
雅思听力动植物场景中的规律总结
学会预测雅思听力的技巧
雅思听力审题技巧介绍
雅思听力满分技巧的分享
雅思听力常见地名(上)
雅思听力技巧用20秒预测填空题
雅思听力预测的技巧
雅思听力单选题的做题技巧
雅思听力评分标准的对照表
雅思听力速度提高的方法
雅思听力数字的难点解析
怎么提高雅思的听力
雅思听力考试备考把握关键
雅思听力排列的规律
雅思听力练习的法宝
20个雅思听力的场景短语
雅思考试听力答题的经验
雅思听力数字的词汇
雅思听力常见的地名(下)
雅思听力场景的4个特点分析
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