英语六级动词语法精要

　　英语六级动词语法精要 动词 时态 1)现在完成进行时态

　　时态

　　1)现在完成进行时态 : 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

　　Ive been writing letters for an hour.

　　Ive been sitting in the garden.

　　2)过去完成进行时: 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

　　Id been working for some time when he called.

　　We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

　　3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

　　By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

　　In another months time shell have been studying here for three years.

　　4)将来完成时: 将来某时会业已发生的事.

　　I shall have finished this one before lunch.

　　Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October.

　　语态

　　可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

　　He was said to be jealous of her success.

　　It was said that he was jealous of her success.

　　能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示估计,相信等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

　　It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

　　The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

　　担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

　　Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.

　　双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

　　双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

　　He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

　　Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

　　宾补结构的被动语态

　　She was called Big Sister by everybody.

　　Then he was made a squad leader.

　　He was considered quite qualified for the job.

　　The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　　短语动词

　　Vi + adv

　　The plane took off two hours late.

　　Vi + prep

　　They looked round the Cathedral.

　　Vi + prep

　　Shes looking after her sisters children.

　　The children were always well looked after.

　　Vi + adv + prep

　　I began to look forward to their visits.

　　Vt + O + adv

　　Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

　　The children were brought up by their mother.

　　They took him on.

　　Vt + adv + O

　　I am trying to give up smoking.

　　Vt + O + prep

　　We talked Donald into agreement.

　　省略

　　在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略掉.

　　Look out for cars when crossing the street.

　　When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.

　　While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.

　　Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.

　　If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.

　　Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.

　　This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.

　　Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.

　　She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.

　　She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.

　　Fill in the application as instructed.

　　Whenever known, such facts should be reported.

　　The documents will be returned as soon as signed.

　　He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.

　　Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

　　If necessary Ill have the letter duplicated.

　　Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.

　　If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.

　　As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

　　在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.

　　He told me not to use more material than necessary.

　　We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

　　They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people .

　　He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.

　　Their training is free, as is all education.

　　We will, as always, stand on your side.