主谓一致
在英语中,最重要的一致关系就是主谓一致了,一般来说单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。但是主语有时候并不仅仅是简单的单数或者复数。比如说集合名词就既能当单数主语又可以作复数主语。另外如不定代词、不定式,以及从句等都能作主语,它们的单复数就不那么容易划分了,这样使用单复数动词的相应具体规则也比较多,但是这些规则基本上都离不开三个大的原则。
1、语法一致。如:the boy plays和the boys play完全符合语法上一致的原则,也可以说是基本原则。
2、意义一致,或者是概念一致。动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念,而不是一味由表面的语法标记决定的。如集合名词team本身就有复数的意思,表示整个球队的队员们,如:The basket ball team are warming up.篮球队队员们正在做热身运动。
3、邻近词一致的原则,也可以说是近邻原则。即动词的数要与它紧挨着的名词,或者代词的数一致
关于主谓一致的问题,另外还有几点需要注意:
l、当中心词为度量、距离、价格等复数名词的时候,谓语动词则采用单数形式。
2、在如manya+单数名词;eachandeach组后面,谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
3、当主语后面跟由with,together with,but,along with,like.in addition to,as well as,as much as,rather than,except等连接的词组时,其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数形式而定。
Every police man and fireman_______on the alert.
A.havebeen B.wasC.are D.were
这道题目的知识点正是上文中提到过的第二点,在eachandeach,everyandevery,noandno之后的谓语动词应该采取单数的形式,所以正确答案应该是B,每一个警察和火警人员都保持警戒状态。
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