介词和它后面的名词(或代词)构成的短语,称为介词短语,介词短语通常在句子中做状语、定语或者表语。例如:
1)I study English for the modernization of our country.我为祖国的四个现代化学习英语。(作状语)
2)She often reads books on surgery.她经常读外科书籍。(作定语)
3)The disease is due to a virus.这种疾病是由病毒引起的。(作表语)介词短语还可以起名词作用,在句子中作主语或及物动词的宾语,另一介词的宾语以及同位语。关于介词短语这一功能,一般语法书论述较少,现归纳如下:
1.介词短语作句子的主语
4)From Boston to New York is two hundred miles.从波士顿到纽约有二百英里。
5)After supper is always too late.晚饭后总是太晚了。
6)On the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity.悬崖上耸立着一尊雕像---庄严而惹人注目。
2.介词短语作一个名词的同位语:
7)At dust,in those unearthly house between sleep and wakefulness,I have vision.黄昏,在一种不可思议的半睡状态中,我就产生了幻觉。
8)Vice-Chairman Zhou wanted to know everything about field hospitals,about the training of our medical personnel,from doctors and nurses to orderlies and cooks.周副主席想了解战地医院的每件事,关于我们医务人员的培训,从医生和护士到勤务员和炊事员。
9)Every part of the power plant,from a giant generator down to the smallest screw,had been made in China.这套发电装备的每个部件,从大型的发电机到最小的螺丝钉,都是中国制造的。
3.介词短语作及物动词的宾语:
10)The shirts on the upper shelf cost between seventy to one hundred yuan.上层架子上的衬衣,价格在70到100元之间。
11)He spent from nine to twelve in writing an article.他把9点到12点这段时间用来写一篇文章。
4.介词短语作另一介词的宾语,这样就形成了双重介词的情况。例如:
12)She is a doctor from among the nurses.她是来自护士中的医生。
13)The method has been in common use from before the 1960s.那种方法从六十年代以前就广泛使用了。
14)Id like to wait till after the Lunar New Year.我想一直等到阴历年以后。
其他类似的还有for over five years(五年多),except on Sundays(除星期日之外),from behind the curtain(从幕后),until after supper(直到晚饭后)等。
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