六级词汇讲义――构词法

　　主讲东刚，京城英语考试辅导名师，其走遍大江南北，深受学生欢迎，连续多年参加大学英语四、六级试卷的评、阅卷工作，辅导经验丰富，效果卓著。

　　英语六级词汇讲义

　　一、大纲要求

　　领会式掌握5500单词，以及由这些词构成的常用词组，并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力。

　　二、构词法

　　1. Prefixes

　　1).dis- disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous , disappoint, disable , disability, discharge, disclose , discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy , disease, disguise, disgust, dishonest, dismay , disorder, dispatch , disperse , displace , disregard , distort , distract

　　2).in- inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive , income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous ^, infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject , injection, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane , insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward

　　3). im- impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse

　　4).il-illegal, illogical

　　5).ir- irregular, irresponsible, irrespective

　　6).un- unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress ^, uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual

　　7).non- nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense

　　8).mis- misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse

　　9).de- deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode ^, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent , devalue

　　10). pre- prefix ^, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar

　　11).ante-, anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique

　　12).fore- forehead, foreman ^, foretell ^, foresee ,

　　forefather ^, foreleg, forerunner , fore ^, foremost, forecast, forewarn

　　13).ex- ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, , extra, extract

　　14).post- postgraduate, post-war, postmeridian ^, postpone, postscript ^

　　15). sub- sub, subject, subway, subtitle, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb

　　16). infra- infrastructure ^, infrared ^

　　17). re- react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , reuse, review, revise, revive

　　18). co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, compassion, concentric, conjoin, coordinate, correlation

　　19). inter- international, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface ^, interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene

　　20). macro- macroeconomics ^, macrocosm ^, macrostructure

　　21). micro- microcomputer, microeconomics ^, microscope, microphone, microsurgery

　　22). super- super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme

　　23). sur- surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect

　　24). ultra- ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet

　　25). auto- auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography ^, autonomous , autonomy

　　26) .mal- malfunction, maltreat ^, malnutrition ^, malpractice ^

　　27). tele- telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise ^

　　28).semi-, hemi- semicircle ^, semiconductor, semi-colony ^, hemisphere

　　29). uni-, mono- uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue ^, monopoly , monotonous , carbon monoxide

　　30).bi-, di- biweekly, bicycle, bilateral ^, billion, dialogue, carbon dioxide

　　31).tri- tricycle ^, triangle, trilogy ^, triple

　　32). quadri-, quadru- ^ quadruple ^, quadrangle ^

　　33). penta- ^ pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium

　　34).hexa- ^ hexagon, hexangular

　　35) .sept- ^ September, Sept-Wolves

　　36). octa- ^ octagon, octave, octopus, October

　　37). nona- ^nonagon, November

　　38). deci-, deca- decade, decimal

　　39). centi- centigrade, centimeter, centipede ^, century

　　40). kilo- kilo, kilometer, kilogram, kilowatt ^

　　41). mill- millennium ^, millimeter

　　42).multi- multi-purpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude

　　43).counter-, anti-, contra- counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antimatter, antiwar, contradict , contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast

　　44).mini- minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute

　　45). max- maximum, maximal ^, maximize ^

　　46). out- outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts ^, outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside

　　47). over- overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue ^, overhead, overhear , overlook, overseas

　　48). trans- transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter ^, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation

　　49). under- underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie ^, underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear^

　　50). neo- neo-Nazism ^, neolithic ^

　　51). be- befriend, belittle

　　52). bio- biology, biography , autobiography, antibiotic

　　53). en- em- embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich

　　54). extra- extracurricular, extraordinary

　　55).mid- midday, midnight

　　56).poly- polycentric, polydirectional

　　57). pseudo- pseudomemory, pseudoscience

　　58). thermo- thermochemistry, thermometer

　　59). vice- vice-chairman, vice-president

　　2. Suffixes

　　Nouns

　　1).ant, -entapplicant, component, servant, student

　　2). er, -or, -aremployer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar

　　3).eeabsentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee

　　4). eerengineer, pioneer

　　5).an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian

　　6). eseChinese, Japanese

　　7). istartist, Marxist, capitalist

　　8). ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism

　　9). -ability, -ibilityability, flexibility

　　10). age postage, shrinkage

　　11). alarrival, refusal

　　12). ance, -enceappearance, reference

　　13). ancy, -encyemergency, expectancy

　　14). cyaccuracy, bankruptcy

　　15). domfreedom, kingdom, wisdom

　　16). erybravery, cookery

　　17). essactress, lioness

　　18). ettecigarette, novelette, cassette

　　19). ful handful, spoonful

　　20). hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood

　　21). ics economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics

　　22). iondecision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction

　　23). ity, -tyreality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety

　　24). mentmovement, agreement, harassment

　　25). nesscarelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness

　　26). ologyfuturology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology ^

　　27). ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship

　　28). thbirth, death, breadth, strength, truth

　　29). -ureclosure, exposure

　　Adjectives

　　30).able, -ibleacceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable , suitable, variable

　　31). al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential

　　32).an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian

　　33). ant, -entdifferent, resultant

　　34). ary, -oryadvisory, customary

　　35). ate considerate, fortunate

　　36). engolden, wooden, woolen

　　37). ernnorthern, southern

　　38). eseChinese, Japanese

　　39). freecarefree, troublefree

　　40). ful careful, painful

　　41).ic, -icalatomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical

　　42). ishselfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish

　　43). ivecreative, decisive, supportive

　　44). lessuseless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless

　　45). likechildlike, ladylike

　　46). ly manly, monthly

　　47). ous, ious, -uous, -eousvarious, continuous, courageous

　　48).proof airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof

　　49). some tiresome ^, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome ^

　　50). ward downward, homeward

　　51). hairy, noisy

　　Verbs

　　52). endeepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden

　　53). ifybeautify, classify, electrify, horrify, modify, simplify

　　54). ize, -yze, -ise, -yse analyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation ^, professionalisation ^

　　Adverbs

　　55).lyclearly, easily, quickly

　　56).ward, -wards inward, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards

　　57). -wise clockwise, otherwise

　　3. Stems

　　1). aero aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics ^

　　2). agri agriculture, agronomy ^

　　3). ann anniversary, annual, semiannual, centennial

　　4). astro, aster astrology ^, astronomy , astronaut ^, disaster, asteroid

　　5). audi audience, auditorium ^, audit ^, auditor ^, auditory ^ audio-visual

　　6). bell rebel, rebellion, rebellious, belligerent

　　7) .ced precede, precedent, unprecedented, exceed, proceed, succeed

　　8). cid, cis decide, decision, decisive , concise, suicide, homicide, pesticide

　　9). claim exclaim, proclaim, acclaim, clamor

　　10). clar declare, clarify, clarity

　　11). cord cordial, concord, discord ^, accord

　　12). cred credible, incredible, credulous, credit, credential

　　13). dent dental, dentist

　　14). dict contradict, dictate, dictator, predict, indicate, indicative

　　15). fact factory, manufacture, benefactor, malefactor

　　16). flu fluent, influence, influenza , fluid

　　17). geo geography, geometry, geology , geopolitics ^

　　18). gram, graph diagram, telegram, program, photograph, geography, telegraph

　　19). insul insulate, insulator ^, insular, peninsula

　　20). ject project, inject, reject, subject, eject

　　21). liber liberate, liberty , liberal, liberalism ^

　　22). liter literate ^, literacy, illiterate, illiteracy, literature, literary, literal , literally

　　23). log dialogue, apology, prologue, monologue, logic

　　24). manu manuscript , manufacture, manufacturer, manual, manage, management, manager

　　25). medi immediate, medium, media, mediate, medieval, median

　　26). mort mortal, immortal, mortality

　　27). nov novel, novelty, novice, innovate

　　28). ori orient, oriental, Oriental, orientation, origin, original, originate, disorient

　　29). pend depend, dependent, dependency, dependable, independent, suspend, expend, spend, expenditure, expense, expensive, pension

　　30). port portable, import, export, deport, porter, support

　　31). pur purify , purity , Puritan ^

　　32). rect correct, rectify , erect

　　33). rupt interrupt, disrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt

　　34). sal salary, salad

　　35). sist resist, resistance, resistible, consist, assist, exist, insist, persist

　　36). spect spectacle, spectacular, prospect, retrospect, inspect, respect, suspect, circumspect ^, spectator , conspicuous , perspective

　　37). spir inspire, inspiration, spirit

　　38). tract tractor, attract, protract, contract, abstract, extract, distract

　　39). urb urban, suburb, suburban

　　40).vac vacant, vacation, vacuum

　　41). vit vital, vitality, vitamin, vitalize

　　42). vis visible, vision, visual, visit, visitor, advice, supervise, television

　　43). viv survive, survival, survivor, revival, vivid, vivacity