四级考试倒装结构例析

　　英语句子最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒.英语的倒装有两种形式.一种和谓语完全颠倒过来,称为完全倒装,如:Then began an eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. ;另一种是只将助动词移到主语之前,称为部分倒装,如: Seldom can she finish her task in a short time.

　　引起倒装的情况有很多,在大学英语四级考试中常见的主要有以下几种.下面举例说明.

　　一、虚拟条件句中的倒装

　　例1:________for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.

　　A) Not being B) Had it not been

　　C) Without being D) Not having been

　　本题答案为B).本句意思是:要是我没有生病,我肯定会给他帮助的.从主句的谓语可以看出,本题是过去时的虚拟语气,从句谓语应该用过去完成时.由于省略了连词if ,所以将 had 移到句首构成倒装结构.

　　例2:________before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A) Had they arrived

　　B) Would they arrive

　　C) Were they arriving

　　D) Were they to arrive

　　本题答案为D).本句是将来时的虚拟语气,这点从从句的时间状语the day after tomorrow 可以看出.因此从句的谓语应用should或were to+ 动词原形.由于从句省略了连词if,就应将should或were移到句首,形成倒装.

　　二、表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首

　　例1:We have been told that under no circumstances________the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use

　　本题答案为A).本句中的否定短语under no circumstances位于宾语从句句首,句子需要用倒装 ,故B)和C)错误,D)项时态不对.本句意思是:我们被告之,在任何情况下都不能因私事而使用办公室的电话.

　　例2:Not until the game had begun______at the sports ground.

　　A) should he have arrived

　　B) had he arrived

　　C) did he arrive

　　D) would he have arrived

　　本题答案为C).本句将not until置于句首,主句要倒装.由于从句用的是过去完成时,因此主句应用一般过去时.本句意思是:直到比赛开始了,他才到运动场.

　　三、让步状语从句的倒装

　　例如:________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

　　A) As he likes her much

　　B) Although much he likes her

　　C) Much as he likes her

　　D) Much although he likes her

　　本题答案为C).本句是由as引导的让步状语从句,需要使用倒装语序,将状语放到句首,故C)正确.本句意思是:虽然他很喜欢她,但他有时候也觉得她很讨厌.

　　四、only位于句首的倒装

　　例如:Only under special circumstances ______to take make-up tests.

　　A) are freshmen permitted

　　B) freshmen are permitted

　　C) permitted are freshmen

　　D) are permitted freshmen

　　本题答案为A).以 only + 副词开头的句子需要用倒装结构,B)和C)没有用倒装结构,而D)却用了错误的倒装结构.本句的意思是:一年级的学生只有在特殊情况下才允许补考.

　　五、neither, nor, so等位于句首的倒装

　　例如:I could not persuade him to accept it,________make him see the importance of it.

　　A) if only I could not

　　B) no more than I could

　　C) or I could not

　　D) nor could I

　　本题答案为D).本句是考查nor引导的倒装结构,nor表示也不的意思.本句意思是:我无法说服他接受它,我也无法让他认识到这件事的重要性.

　　六、为了保持句子平衡而使用的倒装

　　英语句子有时候会出现主语太长而谓语太短的情况,为了保持句子平衡,或者为了使句子与前文衔接紧凑,常常将谓语和状语一起放在主语之前.有时为了强调,将某一成分移到句首,因而形成倒装结构.

　　例1:They erected a bronze tablet on which was carved The Yellow River Source.他们立了一块铜牌,上面写着黄河之源.

　　例2: The girl who loves him so deeply finds herself unable to forgive his mistake. Around this point develops the sketch, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor. 那个深爱他的女孩觉得她不能原谅他的错误.围绕这一点就写成了这一短剧.它不但幽默,而且充满了浓郁的地方风味.

　　练习:

　　1. ________for your help, I wouldnt have got what I have today.

　　A) It were not B) Were it not

　　C) If were not D) Were not it

　　2. He didnt watch TV last week, ________did his younger sister.

　　A) or B) and C) but D) neither

　　3. ______on the ground was an old man aged nearly 60.

　　A) Lying B) Laying

　　C) Laid D) Slept

　　4. ______do we hear fine singing from school choirs.

　　A) Seldom B) Not

　　C) Almost D) Rather

　　5. Only after you have received the telephone ________the time of his arrival.

　　A) know you

　　B) you ought to know

　　C) can you know

　　D) you can know

　　答案: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4. A 5.C