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六级听力应试技巧的详述:综述及对话部分

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  六级听力应试技巧__综述及对话部分

  1. 充分合理地利用时间

  听力理解的录音内容与时间安排大致如下;

  (1)从试音、宣布考试开始至小段乐曲结束约为一分钟。

  (2)从College English Test, Band six, Part I Listening Comprehension, Section A , Directions 起至第10题结束约为八分钟。

  (3)从Section B, Directions 至第20题结束约为十一分钟。

  考生要对考试中可能出现的三大题型及DIRECTIONS了然于胸,要充分利用各部分录音播放DIRECTIONS的时间,迅速浏览该部分各题,并快速作出合理的推测(详细内容见本章各节)。为节省时间,要采取先易后难的原则。根据各部分指令所占时间的不同,要进行合理的分配。各部分指令所用的时间如下:

  对话:105秒。该部分仅有10道试题,时间应有剩余。如果SECTION B为短文理解,应将剩余时间用于阅读短文第一篇问题及选项。

  短文理解:40秒。对于三篇短文计10个问题的推测略显不足,但若对话部分时间分配合理,亦可。

  复合式听写:67秒。除了快速浏览文字部分并大致了解文章的大意外,要将注意力集中在前7个空的推测上。

  此外,还要高效利用各题之间的间隙(约为13秒),做完一题后,马上准备下一题。

  2. 尽量排除干扰因素

  首先,要调整好心态,既要谨慎,也要有自信心。应试时要适度紧张,不可过度紧张,也不要太放松。

  经过一定时间的训练后,读者会发现,在很多的试题中,个别单词没有听懂往往并不影响对该题的理解,因此在应试中不必强求听懂每一个词。当然,没有听懂关键词而影响答题的情况也是有的,此时不要硬想该题的解答,以免影响后面的答题。

  基本推测判断策略

  1.对话部分

  由于六级考试级别和水平都较高,题型设计严格遵循测试要求,其要求之一就是选择题的四个选项要在难度、长度和相关方面要一致。我们利用的主要信息是第三点,即:

  (1)四个选项都多少与话题有关,由此判断话题;

  (2)根据四个选项的形式判断所提问题的类型和内容;

  (3)根据四个选项的相似程度推测正确答案。

  事实上,大多数试题均有线索可寻,甚至有的试题可直接推测出答案,对于无法推测出答案的试题也多能猜出可能的提问。不易推测出答案的试题其选择项一般都只是句子的一个部分,如:数字、非限定动词词组、名词等。对于这类试题要尽可能猜出其提问方式。

  例1:

  A) Swimming B) Playing tennis C) Boating D) Playing table tennis

  从四个选项看,对话双方在谈论某项运动,而对话中谈及运动又往往,跟人联系在一起的。由此可推断问题可能是问对话中某一个人是否参与,是否擅长, 或是否喜爱某一运动。

  事实上对应的问题是 What is the mans favorite sports?。

  例2:

  A) The long wait. B) The broken-down computer

  C) The mistakes in her telephone bill. D) The bad telephone service.

  上述四个选择项均为令人不高兴的事,我们首先可以猜出它的问题可能类似于:Whats the man complaining about?。

  但该题的选项给了我们更多的信息。首先,从C)和D)我们可以猜出对话内容与电话有关,然后结合A)中的wait和C)中的bill我们可以推测说话的人可能在排了半天的队去交电话费。所以就这一题而言,即使不听录音,也是完全可以猜出问题甚至更多的内容的。

  近年的考试中,另一类试题的比例呈上升的趋势,这恰巧是多数考生更惧怕的一类,即其选项常常是完整的句子。但是事实上恰恰是这类试题人们既可猜出问题亦可推测出答案,因为其类别和提问方式比较有限,如原因、态度、建议以及综合理解等,选项中的正确答案也较容易辨别。 例3:

  A) He doesnt think the Browns investment is a wise move.

  B) He believes the Browns have done a sensible thing.

  C) He believes it is better for the Browns to invest later.

  D) He doesnt think the Browns should move to another place.

  这一题明显是态度型试题,因为四个选项中各有两个的主要动词是think和believe。选项A)和C)告诉我们这个对话是关于对话者对于Brown家投资的看法的,所以B)和D)肯定不会是答案,但是它们为推测答案提供了线索。由于A)中的wise和B)中的sensible是同义词,但B)不是答案,可以推测有的原话中用了其中一词,但它修饰什么词呢?看到A)和D)中都出现的move就知道了。综合起来,这个人表达了类似于下面的观点:I do(nt) think the Browns investment is a sensible move,答案也就一目了然了。

  此外,因为各个选项的主语均为he,因此这一题的重点在于对话中的男性所说的话,听的时候要有所侧重。

  2.短文部分

  与对话相比,短文理解略难,原因在于要求学生不仅要能听懂文章,还要求要有一定的短时记忆,此外还要求有一定的阅读速度(其问题的选项通常都比对话要长)。但从另一方面看,短文理解有上下文(context),有时可利用上下文信息加强理解。

  从推测的角度来说,由于选项多为完整的句子,可寻的线索往往较多,很多问题可在听之前就确定答案。例:

  17.

  A) They will be much bigger.

  B)They will have more seats.

  C)They will have three wheels.

  D)They will need intelligent drivers.

  18. A) It doesnt need to be refueled.

  B) It will use solar energy as fuel.

  C) It will be driven by electrical power.

  D) It will be more suitable for long distance travel.

  19. A) Passengers in the car may be seated facing one another.

  B) The front seats will face forward and the back seats backward.

  C) Special seats will be designed for children.

  D) More seats will be added.

  20. A) Choose the right route.

  B) Refuel the car regularly.

  C) Start the engine.

  D) Tell the computer where to go.

  根据选项中的wheels, seats, refuel等词,我们可以知道这篇文章是关于汽车的,这种推测马上就被第19题A)中的the car一词所证实。同时,我们可以注意到前三题均使用将来时,因此可知这是关于未来的汽车的。

  第20题最容易判断,A、B、C通常都是司机要做的事,不要忘了把D)的computer与未来联系起来,所以此题可能类似于司机需要做什么,从常识中我们知道现在的司机同样也要做A、B、C中的事,所以本题的答案肯定是D)。

  从第17题是四个选项中可以看出问题可能是未来汽车是什么样子(What will the car in future be like?)。乍看上去,似乎D)是正确的,因为未来经常和智力联系在一起,但是别忘了第20题中刚才所作的判断,既然可以tell the computer where to go,也就是说开车是由计算机来完成的,又何需什么智力呢?D)被排除。剩下的三个中A)和B)的逻辑意义是相同-- 车大了,座位就可以增加,而增加座位车子必然要变大,选B)的话就必然要选A),所以A)和B)都不太可能。而且这篇文章是关于小汽车的,常识告诉我们在任何时候都会有较大的和较小的汽车,何况世界的发展还朝着小型化的方向呢!最后只剩下C)。

  第18题明显是关于汽车的燃料或能源问题的,B)和C)是使用何种能量,A)和D)是一般特点。准确理解fuel一词是猜好这一题的关键,它的意思是油类燃料(名词)或加油(动词),所以A)明显不符合逻辑,使用油类燃料的汽车怎么可能不用加油呢?B)乍看上去似乎正确,但要注意太阳能不是燃料!因此答案将在C)和D)中产生。但哪一个的概率大一些呢?从常识的角度来说,未来的汽车使用电能合情合理,而且A)、B)C)都直接和汽车能源有关,所以本题C)的可能性较大,但需在听过之后进行验证。

  第19题是关于汽车座位的,直接答案较难判断,但根据前面的推理,可初步排除D),从而缩小了选择的范围。听音时要注意关于座位方面的语句

  3. 复合式听写部分

  复合式听写(Compound Dictation)是全国大学四、六级考试委员会于1996年7月公布的新题型。1999年6月,复合式听写首次在六级听力考试中出现,而听写填空尚未出现过,所以本节着重对复合式听写进行分析,听写填空可参照复合式听写的前半部分。

  复合式听写是听力考试的B节,其内容是一篇250个单词左右的短文,在题材、难度方面与短文理解大致相同,其考试形式分为两部分:其一是词汇听写,一般放在前面,序号为S1-S7,所填词汇一般为实义词;其二是句子听写,要求考生写出要点(亦可写出原句),序号为S8-10,整篇文章朗读三遍,其中第二遍在每个小题后有停顿。停顿的时间长度不固定,但理论上足够答题。 提起复合式听写,很多学生往往谈虎色变。其实,就它的前7个填空说来,在相当大的程度上类似没有选项的Cloze(多数教材的课后练习中都有这种练习)。因此,有的填空在听之前就可以填好。如99年6月的试题,原文如下:

  President Clinton later joins ___________ presidents Ford, Carter and Bush at the presidents summit for Americas future ____________ at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for

  nearly three dollars to fund a five-year program called America Reads.

  The program would fund the ___________ efforts of 20 thousand reading _________ and it would also give ____________ to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. During his Saturday radio _________, the president explained why the program is important: We need America Reads and we need it now.

  Studies show that if the fourth-graders fail to read well, ________________________________________. But, 40 percent of them still cant read at a basic level.

  Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs.

  _______________________________________________________________. The president says many of the Philadelphia

  summits corporate sponsors will recruit tutors.

  ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________.

  这是一篇关于克林顿倡导America Reads教育计划的报道。在听音前应快速浏览卷面上的信息,了解文章的主要内容,在这个过程中,S1-S7中很多的空即可作出答案。有的即使无法确定,但你已为听音作好了充分的准备。

  S1前面是动词joins,后面是presidents Ford,Carter and Bush,估计应填入的词是作定语的,而这些人都是美国的前总统,所以这个词肯定是表示前任之意的former。

  S2的前面是一个完整的句子,其后为一个介宾结构,可以肯定此处所填的词应该是非谓语结构,且能和at构成含目的意义的词组,此时应能想出动词是aim,进一步可以判断这个非谓语动词短语是修饰前面的summit(高级会晤)的,因而应该用过去分词,即aimed。

  S3的前面是数词三,后面是dollars,显然要填的词是hundred,thousand,million,billion一类的词,但一个国家的项目不可能是成千的,甚至百万也嫌少,所以只能是million或billion这一类的词而且后者的可能性较大。

  S4、S5和S6较难,此时仅可判断出要填入的单词的词性,不宜在此多浪费时间。

  S7的前面是radio,后面又引录了克林顿的讲话,因此可判断出此处是广播讲话的意思,所以应填address。

  S8至S10为听写句子,不好猜测,但在对S1至S7进行判断了之后,文章大意已明,心理压力也已减轻,较易超水平发挥。

  当然,猜测的失误在所难免,要想提高猜测水平,首先要对各种题型透彻了解,看到选项要能马上判断出题的类型和可能的提问,然后才能推测出其它的信息。

  综上所述,准确捕捉各选项的信息是应试时的一项重要的策略和辅助手段,因此,本单元将就各种常见题型作较为详细的分析,希望对广大的考生有所裨益。

  听力题型分类及解题要点

  Section A .对话部分

  对话部分由由一男一女之间进行的10个对话组成,对话之后有一个问题。问题皆由先讲话的人提出,多为特殊疑问句。从历年考题的情况看,该部分主要有以下类型的题型:时间与数字,地点与方向,职业与身份,观点、态度与反应,原因与结果,计划与行动和事件与情景综合类型题等。

  1 时间与数字题型

  时间、数字和计算是听力测试中最常见的题型,几乎每年都有,而且题型也比较多。历年试题中虽然涉及的数字或数目并不多,但考生的答对率却不高。究其原因,一是对数字的表达方法不够熟悉,二是对技巧的运用不够熟练。 l 卷面线索

  时间题的四个选项一般都是表达时刻的数字,或是星期、年、月等词,偶尔会有介词后跟数字。

  数字题的选项则有可能为纯粹的数字或带有货币符号的数字。

  l 解题要点

  一般来说,正确答案不会是直接听到的数字,而往往是在意思上与这相同或相近,或换了一种表达方式,或要求对听到的数字进行简单的四则运算。做这类题时,听清这些数字和它们之间的关系是解题的关键。

  这些数字之间的关系往往用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after之类的形容词、副词或介词短语来表示,多为时间题。

  【例1】

  M: Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus?

  W: Well, the bus leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6:3

  0 a.m. But on weekends it starts half an hour later.

  Q: When did the second bus leave on Saturdays?

  A) 7:30 B) 8:00 c) 8:30 D) 9:00

  答案D)。这是一道较为复杂的转换题。考生应听懂对话中的every two hours from 6:30和half an hour later两处,同时还要细心,捕捉到问题中的the second bus和Saturdays。

  另一类题的线索是表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词,数字之间的加减关系由它们来决定,常见的有:

  be, have, start/begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase/add, decrease, borrow, lend, loan等。

  【例2】

  W:Have you heard about the air crash that occurred last Wednesday?

  M: Yes. The newspaper said six crew members and sixty-four passengers were killed, and fifteen others were injured.

  Q: How many people suffered in the air crash?

  A) 85. B) 70 C) 64. D) 31.

  这是一道简单的数字运算题,解题的关键是要听懂问句中的suffer一词,受害者应包括死者和伤者,故答案应为6+64+15=85(A)。

  【例3】

  M: Ill have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you.

  W: They are $40 a pair and three pairs make a total of $120. But today we offer a 10% discount.

  Q: How much does the man have to pay?

  A)$120. B) $108. C) $90. D) $40.

  本题关键是听懂女士的话。a 10% discount意为打折10%,120元(3双)扣除10%后应为108元(B)。对于这种题,考生在听懂对话与问题的同时,要求对数字反应要快并要有一定的计算速度。

  【例4】

  W: Sorry. Mr. Smith is not in. May I have him return your call?

  M: Yes, thank you. Im at 6330872. Sorry. Its 6338720.

  Q: Whats the mans telephone number?

  A) 6330872. B) 6380372. C) 6338720 D) 6338726.

  这道题要注意的是电话号码在口语中的读法。6338720的最常见的读法是:six double three eight seven two zero 。另外还要注意不要受干扰信息的影响,如本题中的6330872以及其后的话语停顿。再如:

  【例5】

  W: Id like to make two reservations one Flight 651 for June 8th.

  M: Im sorry. Weve booked up on the 8th. But we still have a few seats available on the 9th.

  Q: When does the man want to leave?

  A) On the 6th of June. B) On the 8th of June..

  C) On the 9th of June. D) On the 19th of June.

  答案为(B)。与上一题类似,本题是考察考生抗干扰的能力。对话中干扰因素有Flight 651和the 9th两个数词。考生还要理解两个词:reservation意为预定,而book up则指订完。此外,还要熟悉日期的不同表达方法。

  2 地点与方向题型

  在地点型试题中,有的地点在对话中直接提到,有的则需要根据对话内容来判断(这类问题一般是问对话发生在何处),还有的则是两者兼而有之。

  l 卷面线索:选项通常由(介词+)地点名词构成,提问可分为两种情况。第一种问对话发生的何处,选项的形式通常为表示方位的介词(如in, at等)加上一个地点名词构成;第二种问的是方向,选项的形式通常为表示方向的介词(如to, from, out of等)加上一个地点名词或者只有地点名词构成。

  l 解题要点:

  首先要根据卷面线索判断出试题的类型。对于第一种试题,要重点听对话中的与特定地点有关的常用词或词组(即关键词),例如听到reserve,check in,check out,room之类的词的话即可判断对话是发生在旅馆里,听到size,color,pay,discount之类的词即可判断对话地点是在商店等。常用的关键词请参考本章附录。

  与方向有关的词和词组并不多,所提出的问题在形式上也可能比较简单,但是这类问题出现时,往往需要几经思考才能得出答案。在这类问题中,务必要注意录音中的内容细节,不要单凭从对话中获得的孤立信息来确定答案。建议在听音的同时用笔在纸上画一些草图以帮助理解。

  与时间题不同,有的地点题可通过逻辑判断猜出正确的答案,平时要注意这方面能力的培养。(请见例1)。

  【例1】

  W: How long have you known Susan?

  M: Ive known her about three years. I met her in the library where we used to read, but now I can only see her on the

  campus occasionally.

  Q: Where did Susan often go to read?

  A) In the library. B) In the college.

  C) On the campus. D) In the classroom.

  从听力的角度来说, 这是一道较为特殊的题。我们发现女士提出的问题对于提问的第三个声音来说没有多少意义。换言之,你认识Susan多久了?是一个干扰句,于是许多考生就把注意力放在男声的答句中的三年上,而忽略了以下的内容。究其原因,主要是没能从选择项中发现这是一道地点题。事实上,这道题声东击西,看似较难,但在判断出它属于地点题以后,我们利用逻辑推理,可以马上排除B)和C)这两个选项。因为出现的四个选项均与学生或学校有关,B)和D)是同义关系,选择其一必然要选其二,结果只能是两者都不对,答案必然是A)或D)。在此基础上,再听音,我们发现没有提到教室一词,所以即使这一题听不懂,我们也能选出正确的答案(A)。

  【例2】

  M: Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from

  the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty.

  W: Sorry about that. But its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility.

  Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?

  A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency. C) In a hotel. D) At home

  此题对话中虽有地点名词出现(hotel, bedroom),但明显都不是答案。本题考的是推理能力。根据hotel等关键词,可推断对话的话题与旅行有关,而从W的话中的arrange, contract等词,可以判断出这是一家旅行社(B)。本题说明,在听对话时,要对关键词特别注意,但又不能认为关键词就是答案。

  【例3】

  M:Good afternoon. This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center. Id like to speak to Mr. Adams, please.

  W: Mr. Miller, my husband isnt at home. I can give you his business phone if youd like to call him at work.

  Q: Where is Mr. Adams now?

  A)At the Sun Valley. B) At the Health Center.C) At home. D) At the office.

  本题表面是很简单,但听音的过程中,由于出现过多的专有名词(包括地点名词),很多考生往往抓不住关键的信息。在应试的过程中,如果出现这种情况而实在没有办法,可考虑选择对话中没有直接出现的那个选项,如本题中的(D)。

  【例4】

  M: Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened?

  W: Yes, Im fine now. I was just at the motorway. I was driving along the main road when suddenly right before the crossroads

  I met the car came out at the side street. I didnt see him until he hit me.

  Q: Where was the car before it hit the woman?

  A)In the side street.  B) At the crossroads. C) On the main road.  D) On the motorway.

  本题属于较为特殊的地点题,考生不仅要听懂对话发生的地点,而且要能理解I met the car came out at the side street这句语法上有错误的话并推断出在汽车撞上W之前,它正在the side street (A)中。其它选项在对话中都曾出现过,但它们都是描述W本人所在的位置,而非肇事车辆所处的位置。

  【例5】

  W: I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit. Where are you working now?

  M: I am working for a lawyer now. The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.

  Q: Where did the man work before?

  A) In a court . B) On the farm. C) In a bank. D) In a shop.

  在对话部分中,通常第二个人说的话比较重要,但也并非始终如此,所以应试时要集中注意力,平时练习时则要做到听清听懂每一个词,这样在临场时才不会疏漏。

  3 职业与身份题型

  职业与身份类型的题包括人物的职业、身份以及与他人的关系。此类对话经常提供一个情节,反映所涉及的人物的关系或身份。大部分情况下,这类题的选择项是有固定格式的,要么是四个不同的职业,要么是四对不同身份的人。与地点题类似的是,我们在听音时要善于捕捉关键词,以便抓住简短对话中所提供的信息,作出准确的判断。因此,除了要熟悉选项出现的形式,还要对其相应的设问做到心中有数。常见的设问有:

  1. Who is the man/woman?

  2. What is the mans/womans profession/occupation?

  3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

  对于前两种提问,其选项通常为四个表示职业的名词;而对于第三题,其选项则为由and连接起来的四对名词或名词复数。

  此外,做这类题时,考生一方面应熟悉一些与常见的特定职业相关的词语,另一方面要注意对话双方的语气,常见的用语请参见附录。

  【例1】

  W: Hi, Jack. I just came back yesterday. Anything new while Im away?

  M: Congratulations, Susan. Its said youll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss.

  Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment?

  A) Customer and salesman. B) Colleagues.

  C) Employee and boss. D) Classmates.

  答案为B)。本题考的是对话双方的关系,其关键是要听懂并理解M的最后一句话:Its said youll...。在这句话中,promoted、manger、boss三个词都是关键词,从这三个词,考生应能判断出这两人在同一单位。抓住M最后一句话中的将来时态以及问句中的at the moment。

  当然,在浏览选项的时候,我们也可基本排除A)、D)两项,因为四个选项中有两个是关于两人在同一单位的,此时可基本

  确定答案将是两者之一。

  【例2】

  M: Bill was a great guy. He was drowned while rescuing a child from the icy water of the river yesterday.

  W: Well, as far as I know that was not the first dangerous situation he was in.

  Q: Which of the following best describes Bill?

  A) Robust. B) Brave. C) Generous. D) Dangerous.

  答案为B)。此题为人物特征型题,要求考生在听懂整个对话后,选用一个词来综合概括和描述一个人的特征。从第一个人的话中,我们了解到Bill因在冰冷的水中救人而淹死,又从第二个人的话中的dangerous一词,我们可判断出B)为正确答案。毕竟,能敢于冒险的人不是勇敢又是什么呢?

  【例3】

  W: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?

  M: Not yet. I am still examining. Ill let you know the result next week.

  Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?

  A) Husband and wife. B) Father and daughter.

  C) Doctor and patient. D) Teacher and student.

  答案为C)。在附录中我们列举了一些常见的关键词,在此题中亦有帮助:stomach、 examine是本题的关键词,抓住关键词,基本就可以判断出本题对话的双方是医生和病人的关系。

  【例4】

  W: Now, would you please fill out these customs forms for each package? Please state clearly the contents and value

  of each, and the name and address of the returnee. Better in block letters.

  M: There. I think Ive filled out everything correctly.

  Q: Whats the womans occupation?

  A) Doctor. B) Clerk. C) Professor. D) Waitress.

  答案为B)。本题的关键词包括fill out ... forms, customs, state the contents and value等。从以上的关键词中我们可以知道W是海关人员,所以其余选项皆不可能。

  【例5】

  M: May I ask the nature of your business, please?

  W: Im from the State Administration, and I need to talk with Mr. Jones about his building project on 20 Street.

  Q: What is the mans probable occupation?

  A) Waiter. B) Secretary. C) Tailor. D) Professor.

  本题略难,对话中男士的职业要从女士的回答中去推断,女士说她来找Mr. Jones是要与他谈在20号大街上的建筑项目,由此可知对话中的男士应该是Mr. Jones的同事或下属,只有B)符合

  4.观点、态度与反应题型

  观点、态度与反应题是指对话双方对某事或某人的观点和看法。有时这种观点和看法在对话中直接表达出来了,但绝大部分情况需要考生从说话人的语调、语气以及所使用的词汇、短语等方面来进行推理和判别的。这种题型的卷面特征通常表现在以下两个方面:

  (1) 选项一般为完整的句子。

  (2) 某一选项可能含有think, should, agree , share ... opinion , like , will等词。

  其提问方式有:

  What did the woman/man say about ...?

  Whats the womans/mans attitude towards / opinion about ...?

  What does the woman/man mean/imply ?

  What did the woman/man think of ...?

  What does the man think the woman should do? 等等。

  这类题由于说话者表达观点和看法的方式比较含蓄,不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息,而是需要考生听懂录音并利用逻辑思维来进行推理和判断,因此往往被认为较难(在托福听力中这种题居多,在近几年的六级考试题中亦多见)。为此,从卷面的角度考虑,我们建议采取以下策略:

  (1)凡在选项中出现agree , share ... opinion , like 之类的词语的题是判断第二个说话的人是否同意第一个说话的人的观点的,在听的时候要重点注意第二个人所说的话,尤其是言外之意 。平时还要掌握表示赞同和反对的习语,如:

  You can say it again.

  I cant agree more.

  Im not sure...

  I doubt ...

  Id rather ...

  (2)选项中出现should, ought to等词语的题,其答案多出现在第一个人说的话里,但是要随机应变。

  例如,第一个人是女声,如果选项都是He should / the man should ...的话,则重点在女声的话中;而如果选项中出现的是She should ...的话,重点又在男声的话中了。

  (3)对于选项中出现mean, think, will 的题,通常有两种情况,其一是说话人用了虚拟语气来表达其愿望;其二是找一个借口(用but来引导)来拒绝对方的邀请、建议等。因此平时要对虚拟语气非常熟悉,考试时才能听得出来。

  此外,对话者的语调也可提供重要的信息,但要求较高,此处不予推荐,读者如有兴趣,可参考有关书籍。

  【例1】

  W: Did you watch the game last night?

  M: I wouldnt have missed it for anything.

  Q: Did the man watch the game last night?

  A) No, he missed. B) Yes, he did.

  C) No, he didnt. D) Yes, he probably did.

  本题的关键是M话中的虚拟语气。听出了这一点,即使对for anything (无论如何)不太理解,我们也知道他去看比赛了。故答案是(B)。

  【例2】

  M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.

  W: Its about time they did it. I dont know what took them so long.

  Q: Whats the womans opinion about the school?

  A) Its too expensive. B) It isnt needed.

  C) It should be built. D) A college would be better.

  答案为C)。如前所述,对于这种题要注意第二个人的话。本题要求考生根据W的话推断出她的态度和看法,有一定的难度。首先要对Its about time they did it这句虚拟语气有正确的理解,意为他们该这么做了。其后的I dont know what took them so long同样表明了她认为他们早该表决投入资金建学校了。It is time 后面的that 从句要用虚拟语气(动词过去式)。

  W: Some people know a lot more than they tell.

  M: Unfortunately the reverse is also true.

  Q: What does the man mean?

  A) Some people pretend to know what they really dont.

  B) What the woman said is true.

  C) What the woman said is wrong.

  D) He knows more than the woman does.

  答案为A)。由于对话极短,仅就对话内容而言,本题难度较大。考生不仅要理解W所说的话,同样要理解M说的the reverse is also true 。所以,他不仅肯定了W的话,还提出了自己的观点,这样,只选B)就不够准确了。

  但从另一个角度来看,尚有捷径可寻。在四个选项中,B、C仅说W的话是对是错,显得过于空洞,不大可能是答案,因此猜对答案的概率应为50%;在A、B两项中,A比D长,相比之下,A的可能性大于D。

  【例3】

  M: Its partly your own fault. You should never let in anyone like that unless youre expecting him.

  W: Its all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says electricity or gas and you automatically

  think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.

  Q: How does the woman feel about the mans remark?

  A) She thinks it is easier said than done.

  B) She totally agrees with him.

  C) She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.

  D) She thinks that he is a rather impolite person.

  答案为A)。与上题相反,这个对话偏长,干扰信息多,对考生会造成一些影响。本题的关键在于把握its all very well to say... but ...这个句型,这是表示不赞成、不满意的委婉说法,但并非完全否定。

  当然本题也可完全从选项中进行判断。首先,在B、C两项中都出现表示极端说法的词totally,simply,通常的情况下都可予以排除。其次,四个选项中有三个(A、B、C)都表示对另一个人的观点的看法,只有D是对对方的人的看法的,故亦可排除。

  【例4】

  M: Isnt that a new brand of typewriter you are working at?

  W: Oh, Bill. This isnt the first time youve asked me about it.

  Q: What does the woman imply?

  A) The man is a forgetful person.

  B) The typewriter is not new.

  C) The man can have the typewriter later.

  D) The man misunderstood her.

  答案为A)。本题是一道间接回答的典型题。W并没有直接回答M的话,而是说:你已问了多次了。言外之意,是说M太健忘。捕捉言外之意是一项要求较高、难度较大的能力,它不仅要求具有扎实的语言基础与听的能力,还需要经过反复实践才能掌握。

  5 原因与结果题型

  原因与结果题与大多数其它类型的题所不同的是,听音前较难通过卷面线索判断出这一题属于原因与结果题,要想判断出正确答案就更困难了。

  但是题型判断对于捕捉关键信息非常重要,考生应通过平时大量的训练和细致的分析争取尽快地抓住一些蛛丝马迹,作出准确的判断。这类题的卷面特征可概括如下:

  (1)四个选项通常都是完整的陈述句;

  (2)至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果;通常有好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果;

  (3)选项中可能出现cant, not be able to, too, have to等词或词组。

  对于因果题,只要判断出题的类型就足够了,不宜浪费时间推测正确答案。

  此外,因果题主要集中在原因上,而且一般由对话中的第二个人说出,因此应试时要格外注意第二个人说的话。提问通常以why、what reason等引导。

  以下各例对考试中出现过的各种形式逐一分析。

  【例1】

  M: Mary, why isnt Jane teaching here this term?

  W: She cant. She was fired.

  Q: What reason was given for Janes not teaching?

  A) She is tired of teaching. B) She was dismissed from her job.

  C) Shes changing jobs. D) The school is too hot.

  请读者结合本题,理解上面所讲的卷面特征。本题中的D显然没有道理,剩下的三个选项

  都能引起Jane不再教书这一结果。判断出题型以后,就不会错过W话中的she was fired这一信息,答案B)自然就呼之欲出了。

  【例2】

  M: How about going to dinner and a movie with me tonight, Sandy?

  W: Id love to, but I havent packed yet and my flight leaves at five A.M.

  Q: Why didnt Sandy accept the invitation?

  A) Shes afraid of going out at night. B) She had to do some baking.

  C) She wanted to get ready for a plane trip. D) She was moving to a new apartment.

  在选项B)、C)中出现了have to和want to,这表明She要做某件事而不能做另一件事,可以在听音前基本判断为因果题。

  此外还要注意到本题的因果关系不象上题那样一目了然,考生应在听完对话以后特别是将第二个人的话语迅速加以推断后作出判断,通过pack和flight两个词决定这与plane trip有关,从而选定正确答案C。

  【例3】

  M: Helen isnt here yet. Did you forget to invite her?

  W: She was going to come, but then changed her mind.

  Q: Why isnt Helen present?

  A) She decided not to come. B) She forgot to come.

  C) She wasnt invited. D) She altered her decision.

  本题尽管没有出现具有提示作用的关键词,但综合四个(尤其是前三个)选项,明显可以看出,问题必然是why doesnt Helen come这样的句子,这样在听懂第二个人的话语之后,这一题就很容易做出来了。正确答案为C

  【例4】

  W: George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.

  M: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street. Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.

  Q: Why didnt they meet that evening?

  A) They were both busy doing their own work.

  B) They waited for each other at different places.

  C) They went to the street corner at different times.

  D) The man went to the concert but the woman didnt.

  尽管因果题的答题线索通常都出现在第二个人说的话中,即第一个人说出结果,第二个人解释原因,但本题是个例外,双方都说出了部分原因。这是为什么呢?我们看一下选项就明白了。在本题的选项中 每一项都牵扯到了对话的双方,所以听的时候要注意双方话。

  【例5】

  W: Suppose the company offered you a pay rise of 50%, would you be so determined to leave and look for a job elsewhere?

  M: Yes. Ive set my mind on it. Id like to find a job with scope to show my ability.

  Q: Why has the man decided to leave the company?

  A) He is not equal to the job.

  B) He is not well paid for his work.

  C) He doesnt think the job is challenging enough.

  D) He cannot keep mind on his work.

  本题要求根据表面话语推断出隐含的意义。在对话中,M最关键的一句是:Id like to ... ability。言外之意就是目前的工作对他来说缺乏挑战性,即C)项为正确。

  6 计划与行动题型

  计划与行动题的卷面线索比较明了,不管选项是以非谓语动词(不定式和动名词)还是以完整的句子的形式出现,四个选项中的主动词都表示不同的动作。其提问的方式通常以what开头,如:

  What is sb. going to do?

  What does sb. plan to do ?

  What will sb. probably do?

  What happened to sb?

  偶尔也有类似下面的提问:

  How did sb. do sth.?

  Who did sth.?

  这类试题的出题形式又可大致分为以下三类:

  (1)试题中同时出现几个人和几件事,问其中的某人做了哪件事。其目的是考查学生在众多的人和事面前辨别谁做什么的能力。例如:

  M: Are you going to the concert tonight?

  W: No, I promised to baby-sit for my neighbors while they go to a military dinner.

  Q: What will the woman do tonight?

  A) Go to the concert. B) Watch her neighbors children.

  C) Go to a military dinner. D) Visit her neighbor.

  在这个对话中提到了三个人,各自要去做自己的事情,问题的关键是对号入座。应根据选项中的线索迅速分析提问中的主语。在本题的B)、C)两个选项中都有her,我们可以肯定问题将是W要做什么,听音时,重点听W的话。 故B) 项正确。

  1、 如果对话的一方使用have sth done或have sb do sth的句型,易造成粗心考生的出错。如:

  M: Did you make your suit? Its very pleasant.

  W: I couldnt have done all this tailoring. I had it made.

  Q: How did the woman get her suit?

  A) She made it herself. B) She had a tailor make it.

  C) She bought it a long time ago. D) She had an old one re-made.

  答案为B)项。

  2、 对话内容与观点、态度题(见3.3.4)有类似之处,即第二个人的话中使用了转折词but。

  典型的结构是:一方提出一个计划或行动,另一方前半部分的话表示同意,但马上用but提出要做别的事情,给人以似是而非、模棱两可的感觉,如:

  M: Its such a nice warm day, I think Ill go and write my report under a tree.

  W: Id like to join you, but I find it hard to work outside.

  Q: What is the woman going to do?

  A) Join her friend. B) Stay inside. C) Sketch the tree. D) Look for a job.

  遇到这种题,千万不可选择第二个人的前半句话,而要重点注意but后面的内容。故B)项正确。

  3、 在日常生活和实践中,做一件事情往往需要若干个具体的动作。在听力试题中,则要求考生根据一些具体的动作判断某人在做何事情,如:

  M: Could you show me that once more?

  W: Sure. Put the paper into the machine. Set your margin. Put your fingers on the keys. Now youre ready.

  Q: What is the woman doing?

  A) Playing the piano. B) Making a photocopy. C) Typing. D) Taking a picture.

  解这类题的方法主要是根据录音中提到的具体动作和关键词汇,去寻找它们与卷面上的四个动作的联系。思维方法有两种:其一是排除法,边听录音,边将错误选项排除。例如听到本题中的paper即可将A、D排除,也可进一步利用下一句的set your margin;再听到put your fingers on the keys时,进一步将B)排除。第二种方法是将录音听完,进行综合归纳,找出正确答案。不过通常可以两者并用。故C)为正确答案。

  7.建议题型

  对话中常有一些表示建议的题目,其卷面特征有些象动作题型,即选项有可能是动词(原形)短语,但有时会以ing的形式出现,偶尔也会是完整的句子(句子中往往含有should)。要注意将建议题型与上述两种其它题型加以区别。

  建议题型的提问方式通常有:

  What does the man/woman suggest the woman/man do?

  What does the man/woman mean?

  在对话中的关键特征主要在于表示建议的一些句型,如:

  Why dont you ?

  Why not ?

  Why bother?

  How about ?

  Wouldnt be wiser?

  Would do sth.?

  Why dont you ?与why not ?句型的解题关键在于它们后面的词,这些关键词有时会产生替换,在选项中以其同义词的形式出现。如:

  【例1】

  W: The movie start in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long line.

  M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded.

  Q: What is the man suggesting?

  A) Coming back for a later show. B) Waiting in queue.

  C) Coming back in five minutes. D) Not going to the movie today.

  男士的建议中用的是the next show,而在选项中用a later show作替换,虽然两者表达形式不同,但含义是一样的。

  【例2】

  W: I ought to call Joan and tell her about the reception of this evening.

  M: Why bother? Youll see her at lunch.

  Q: What does the man mean?

  A) She can tell Joan when she sees her at noon.

  B) She should tell Joans brother about the reception.

  C) She must call on Joan after the reception.

  D) She may see Joans brother at lunch.

  Why bother? 的意思是何必麻烦呢?,含义是否定的,是建议某人不要做出现在其前面的对话者所说的事。

  【例3】

  W: We do need another bookshelf in this room, but the problem is the space for it.

  M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen?

  Q: What does the man suggest they should do?

  A) Find a larger room. B) Sell the old table.

  C) Buy two bookshelves. D) Rearrange some

  furniture.

  How about是较为直接的表示建议的方式,与why not 很相似,解题的要点通常是出现在其之后的词分句。

  【例4】

  W: Im thinking of taking five courses next semester.

  M: Wouldnt four be wiser?

  Q: What does the man mean?

  A) There are too many courses offered to students.

  B) The woman should take fewer courses next term.

  C) The man will take four courses next semester.

  D) It is wiser to take more than four courses.

  Wouldnt be wiser代表了一类类型,答题时要综合对话双方的内容加以判断。

  8. 事件与情景题型 在听力考试中,最令考生头疼的莫过于事件情景题,但恰恰这类题在六级考试中出现得最多,这也是四、六级听力考试的区别之一。事件与情景题是针对对话所涉及的事件、对话所发生的情景及谈话内容存在的背景等设计而成的考题。这种题的形式一般是:对话双方围绕某件事、某个主题进行讨论,在谈话中涉及情景、背景或描述环境,然后针对谈话内容提问,其设问通常由what、why、how等引出,如:

  What are the two speakers discussing?

  What does the man/woman say about ...?

  What can you learn from the conversation? 等。

  事件与情景题可分为事件细节题、综合理解题和推理题。对于细节题,考生要听清整个谈话的内容以至个别的词语;对于其它两种题,考生还要能够将这些内容和细节连贯起来进行整体的综合理解和进行逻辑推理。

  由于其选项多为完整的句子,因此有效利用这种题的卷面线索的方法是:做题前对选项进行快速浏览,找出重复率较高的词,并对对话的内容和背景进行预测,甚至可用逻辑分析猜出正确答案。

  【例1】

  M: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

  W: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.

  Q: What happened to Mike?

  A) His car was hit by another car.

  B) He was hurt while playing volleyball.

  C) He fell down the stairs.

  D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.

  答案为A)。此题考的是判断事实、关注细节的能力,有一定的难度。其实,考生如果听懂了M说的he was struck by another vehicle,就能推断出Mike在被撞时是开着车子的,否则就不可能说是another vehicle了,更何况选项A)实际上就是此句话的同义重复。

  就卷面来说,本题有两个选项与车祸有关(A、D),另外两个则是各自独立的,事先可基本确定答案将在A、D中产生。

  【例2】

  W: I have to think about your offer. I cant say yes or no at the moment.

  M: You can take your time. It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.

  Q: Which of the following is true?

  A) The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.

  B) The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.

  C) The man is eager to know the womans answer.

  D) The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.

  本题的选项极象观点、态度与反应题,但实际考的是把握细节的能力。当年(91年6月)很多考生都没能做对,主要原因是对take ones time没有理解,而将其与选项B)的意思混淆了,而且也没能用M的后半句话来加以验证。事实上,M的话可分为两部分,把握住任何一个就足以选出正确答案D),如能相互验证那就更有把握了。

  从卷面的角度分析,我们可以看出,C)、D)两项为完全排斥的反义关系,而A)、B)并非如此。在这种情况下,可基本排除A)、B),本题的难度也就降低了50%。

  【例3】

  W: Its nearly 10 oclock. Lets listen to the weather forecast.

  M: Heres the weather forecast. Fog is spreading from the east, and itll affect all areas by midnight. Itll be heavy in some places.

  Q: Whats the weather forecast?

  A) There will be heavy fog in all areas.

  B) There will be heavy rain by midnight.

  C) There will be heavy fog in the east.

  D) There will be fog in all areas by midnight.

  答案为D)。天气预报在听力考试中有时出现,问题的答案通常在对话中直接出现,但需要考生准确捕捉细节并对各细节加以综合。 做这类题可利用一些应试技巧。以本题为例,四个选项中有三个是关于fog的,听音前即排除掉关于rain的选项B)。而在剩下的三个中,又有两个中是关于all area,可进一步排除关于个别地区的C)。A)、D)之间哪一个的可能性更大呢?我们可以利用生活常识。在所有地区都有大雾似乎不大可能,况且D)中多了一条信息(by midnight)。这样,你至少应该有80%的把握选择D)。

  当然,在听音时听到itll be heavy in some areas之后,你就完全可以肯定你的推测了。

  【例4】

  M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage and destruction.

  W: Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are so expensive.

  Q: What are they talking about?

  A)The effects of the flood. B) The heroic fight against a flood.

  C) The cause of the flood. D) Floods of the past twenty years.

  答案为A) 。本题要求根据对话内容推断所谈论的主题--- 洪水造成的影响。考生可从两方面得出答案,一是M的后一句话It has caused many damage and destruction,二是W话中涉及的事实,它们实际上就是由洪水引起的。

  【例5】

  W: What a memory I have! I did write down the number on a sheet of paper when I answered the phone this morning.

  But now the paper has disappeared without any trace.

  M: Dont worry. I will be seeing Mr. Brown in an hour.

  Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

  A) It was probably Mr. Browns phone number that the woman wrote down.

  B) It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.

  C) The woman forgot to write down the phone number.

  D) The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.

  答案为A)。本题考的是综合理解对话内容后推断隐含信息的能力。W说:I did write down the number ..., 其中的did是强调,而number则明显是phone number ,而M说他一会儿就能见到Brown先生。因此上面的phone number应该就是Mr. Brown的,否则M的话就变得毫无意义。

  仅就卷面而言,四个选项中只有B)没有提到phone number,可立即排除;而C)、D)中又都没有提到Mr. Brown,只有A)又全又长,仅靠推测答对本题的概率应大于90%。

  

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