2005年6月最新唐启明的四级考试冲刺讲义

　　1.合理安排时间，劳逸结合，不宜疲劳备战。

　　词汇：20-30分钟 (分成小段)

　　阅读：20分钟 (做题2篇;或分析4篇)

　　听力：20分钟听写练习

　　三选一：15分钟

　　2. 考前热身

　　考前一周拿出三个上午，按考试的时间做三套题。以适应体力脑力消耗状况，调整做题的节奏，合理分配各部分题型时间。

　　二、冲刺阶段之材料选用

　　做透历届真题，分析真题出题思路，强化破解思路。做适量模拟题。

　　三、冲刺阶段的现实目标

　　培养意识，提高敏锐性，在充实基本知识的同时，更重要的是开发、提高现有知识的利用率!

　　第二部分、词汇冲刺之亡羊补牢篇

　　考前一周天狂记四级高频词汇(见文都主页)。记住，词汇是四级制胜的关键!

　　1. 下载词汇表，编辑、打印成便携式卡片。

　　2. 在每张卡片上注明背诵及每次复习的时间。

　　3. 每次复习时遮住汉语注释部分，能说出汉语意义即为通过，否则做个记号，重点复习。

　　3. 随时随地，走火入魔式复习。要善于利用零碎时间(3-5分钟)为复习一张卡片时间。

　　最后一周，查缺补漏，浏览词频统计总表(见文都主页)，将高频词先解决。

　　第三部分、语法重点突破―用初高中语法解决大学英语问题

　　语法练习重点：

　　1.利用简单语法知识解决阅读理解中的长句快速理解问题。减少干扰，快刀斩乱麻。

　　2.进一步的应用是英译汉。

　　长句常见的方式，干扰视线的方法是：

　　1.在主语后面加上同位语、插入语、或非限制性定语从句，(甚至是一个句子的主干主语)

　　破解方法，发现主语后面有一个逗号，立刻寻找另一个逗号，中间的内容不要看!

　　A recent study, published in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver.

　　Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with just a lack of driving experience.

　　RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during critical stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing.

　　The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.

　　2.从句连环套(详见翻译部分)

　　注意快刀斩乱麻，下刀的地方是从句的分界线

　　The basic issue, he says, is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.

　　第四部分、听力冲刺之声声入耳篇―听音练耳

　　听力冲刺注意事项：

　　听力的本质与听力技巧：听懂关键词是所有技巧的前提，否则是无本之木，无源之水。不承认这个最简单的事实，只能陷入空谈技巧。

　　听力理解部分的测试内容包括理解和速度两个方面。而听力理解能力的提高首先要以语言知识为基础，具体来讲：语音知识，词汇量，必要的语法知识。

　　出题人通过提高语速、增加连读、失去爆破、弱化等现象，加大了题目的难度。

　　针对这一点，我们在剩下几天冲刺阶段必须加强对听力速度的训练，尽可能多的去积极听取信息，方法就是听写，强迫自己集中注意力!

　　(一)老生常谈--对话考查要点及拿分要点一览

　　一.对话部分(送分的)

　　1.重要语境、人物关系归纳: 词义场和词义网 两者联系密切

　　(常考语境)

　　bank: post office: railway station: airport, plane: restaurant:

　　hotel: library: hospital : department store/supermarket

　　1. A) A math teacher and his colleague. B) A teacher and his student.

　　C) A student and his classmate. D) A librarian and a student.

　　2. A) A shop assistant. B) A telephone operator. C) A waitress. D) A clerk.

　　3. A) A railway porter. B) A bus conductor. C) A taxi driver. D)A postal clerk.

　　4. A) Colleagues. B) Husband and wife. C) Employer and employee. D) Mother and son.

　　2.其它对话常见必杀技 (详见讲义)

　　2.1.仔细分析，不难发现，除地点人物关系外，考题多数是由第一个人先说出某件事，第二个人说出对此事的态度，进一步解释或提出建议。

　　如：2000年6月四级全真试题第10题

　　M：I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need with out our library cards.

　　W：Thats right，but not those reference books.

　　2.2. 开始放录音前，要争取对选项进行快速处理，排除易辨认的错误选项，根据其它选项推测对话内容，激活相关场景的词汇、短语，句子。

　　判断排除下列选项里的可能存在的干扰项，根据选项预测对话内容。

　　1. A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B) She wants to save money.

　　C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office isnt very far.

　　2. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers. B) She does not agree with the man.

　　C) Drunk drivers are not guilty. D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.

　　3. A) Clean her house while she is away. B) Buy her some plants and take care of them.

　　C) Water her plants while she is away. D) Water her plants when he is not at work

　　4. A) $ 1.40 B) $ 4.30 C) $ 6.40 D) $ 8.60

　　很重要的一条，多留意与原文信息类似但不完全相同的信息，尤其是谓语动词，名词宾语，形容词表语。因为在正确选项的设置上，出题人也考虑到这种相关性。体现在正确选项往往是原题中信息的再现或转换，加强对这样的转换的敏感性会对迅速找出正确答案有利。

　　1. 有让步句，答案在主句: 留意though, although, while等开头的句子，

　　W: Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday? It caused a hundred and twenty deaths. I am never at ease when taking a flight.

　　M: Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casualties, flying is one of the safest ways to travel.

　　Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

　　A) The man thinks traveling by air is quite safe. B) The woman never travels by plane.

　　C) Both speakers feel nervous when flying. D) The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life.

　　2. 有转折连词，答案在转折后的句子。留意but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless等词。但需注意的是该情况适用于第二个人第一句话以转折连词开头时。

　　. W: I dont understand why this book for self-study doesnt have answers to the questions.

　　M: But it does. You can find them alt the back of the book.

　　Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?

　　A) He thinks the book should include more information. B) He doesnt think it necessary to provide the answers.

　　C) The answers will be added in a later edition. D) The book does include the answers.

　　3. 有强调词，短语是答案处：

　　强调方式有：多次重复某个词或概念;用定语从句或对比、类比来说明某个单词或概念;或用形容词最高级等加以修饰的词。有时会有一些暗示如：I almost forgot、remember、What he wants to do is to等。

　　M: My headaches are terrible. Maybe I need more sleep.

　　W: Actually, you need less sun and some aspirin. It would help if you wear a hat.

　　Q: What does the woman think is the cause of the mans headache?

　　A) Long exposure to the sun. C) Too tight a hat. B) Lack of sleep. D) Long working hours.

　　4. 最高级词处有答案：

　　M: Mrs. Winter, I need your advice, I want to buy a dress for my wife, can you tell me where I can get one at a reasonable price?

　　W: Sure, go to Richards. It has the latest styles and gives a 30% discount to husbands who shop alone

　　Q: What do we know about Richards shop?

　　A) gives a 30% discount to all customers. B) It is run by Mrs. Winters husband.

　　C) It hires Mrs. Winter as an adviser. D) It encourages husbands to shop on their own.

　　5. 虚拟语气:

　　. M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows that small city very well. I was told that youd lived here for quite a long time.

　　W: Oh, I wish I could help. But I was only a child then.

　　Q: What does the woman imply?

　　A) She doesnt remember much about the city. B) Shes never been to the city.

　　C) She would find someone else to help. D) She would talk to the man later.

　　. M: Im really exhausted. But I dont want to miss the film that comes on at 11.

　　W: If I were you, Id skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow. And anyway, Ive heard it isnt that exciting.

　　Q: What does the woman mean?

　　A) The man should stay up and watch the program. B) The man should read something exciting instead.

　　C) The man should go to bed at eleven. D) The man should give up watching the movie.

　　6. 特定表建议的句型:Why notWhat aboutCant you. 祈使句。

　　W: The people next door are making so much noise, I just cant concentrate, Tom.

　　M: Why dont you stay at the library? Its much quieter there.

　　Q: What does Tom mean?

　　A)The woman should have complained to her neighbor. B)The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quiet.

　　C)The woman should have stayed at the library. D)The lab will be a better place for reading.

　　短文部分

　　1. 短文理解步骤

　　1) 从选项推测文章大意，积极预测内容，标出选项里的关键词。

　　2) 听的过程中尽量不记笔记!避免打断思路，漏掉后面重要信息。(平时可以练习听写)

　　2. 复合式听写

　　1). 放第一遍录音前，先看看空白处密集程度。

　　2). 第二遍速记，注意不要受朗读干扰(听到空白处结束即动手写)。

　　3). 核对时仍然用速记。

　　4). 善于利用语法知识，逻辑推理能力和想象力补全内容。

　　例：

　　In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no ____ day for a police officer. Some days are ____ slow, and the job is ____; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can ____ police work in one word: ____. Sometimes its dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing ____ clothes, not my police ____. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, ___________________ .Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. _________________.I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, _________________.

　　说一千道一万，听懂原文是关键!

　　因此必须在最后几天内加强精听，培养语感，提高语音识别灵敏度和精确度!

　　1.听写!

　　每天投资30分用于听写，只要坚持做下去，一周后听写的速度和准确度定会大幅提高!

　　1. 时间：上午九点钟。

　　2. 内容：往年真题的对话和短文。短文也可以选新概念3。以短文为主。

　　3. 数量：2组对话+2段短文

　　4. 方法：

　　只记关键词(主语和其余的动词、名词、形容词和副词) 只记前2-3个字母，养成速记习惯(克服书写惯性)，快速跟随朗读跳跃前进。 边听边写，每一句结束时按暂停，写出所有听到的重要信息。然后听写下一句。一段文章听2遍，如果还有写不出的，一定要看原文找原因，好好总结，提高认识! 该习惯很快就可养成!实际单句听写时，往往首字母就可以起到提示作用!

　　Around the year 1000 A.D., some people from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe.

　　Since the Ice Age ended ten thousand years ago and warmer temperatures returned to the northern latitudes, many species have migrated north.

　　2.看DVD培养语感，

　　其它泛听: Anytime except bedtime!

　　(三)考试中注意事项：

　　1. 要放松精神。(需要在平时)

　　2. 浏览题目选项，基本预测出所提问题的大致方向，从而可使自己处于主动地位，有利于处理好听与看的关系。

　　3. 必要时，必须放弃局部，以保证全局胜利!

　　统领全文的主旨要时刻驻留大脑(你的内存!)，前文里(尤其是前一句)的信息也必须随时与当前句(空)保持联系! 完型填空每一句都不能放过!

　　2.尽量以意群为单位解题，借助连词断开意群。

　　3.连词and, or的其它妙用：并列还是选择?

　　4.简单题目是送分的，切勿胡思乱想，该出手时就出手!

　　Exercise 1

　　We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract. It should be noted that this contract does not 1_the same form in different societies. In Western societies, for instance, the_2 of a man and a woman is given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official 3 by the state. In some African societies, 4 , marriage has nothing to do with an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 5 of goods. Generally it is the bridegroom(新郎) who is required to make a payment of goods to the brides kin, though sometimes a payment is 6 made by the bridegrooms kin to that of the bride.

　　Among the Nuer, a 7 living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the brides kin, called bridewealth, is in the 8 of cattle. Once the amount of bridewealth is agreed upon, and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a legal union. The offspring of the union become the acceptable 9 of the 10 .They remain his children even if the wife leaves him to live with another man.

　　1.A.make B.get C.take D.do

　　2.A.condition B.difference C.union D.divorce

　　3.A.recognizing B.recognize C.to recognize D.recognized

　　4.A.however B.yet C.though D.still

　　5.A.contact B.exchange C.communication D.connection

　　6.A.also B.too C.either D.as well

　　7.A.person B.people C.man D.couple

　　8.A.style B.size C.form D.type

　　9.A.bride B.cattle C.payment D.wealth

　　10.A.wife B.husband C.kin D.bride

　　Exercise 2

　　Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. Its the one 61 the teacher standing in the schoolroom door 62 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 63 them, By the way, we won World War II.

　　The problem with the joke, of course, is that its 64 funny. The recent surveys on 65 illiteracy (无知)are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 66 which countries the United States 67 against in that war. One third have no 68 when the Declaration of Independence was 69 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 70 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 71 when they get the answers right, some are 72 guessing.

　　Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 73 connected to loss of international 74 . But it does affect our future 75 a democratic nation and as individuals.

　　The 76 news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the 78 of history and what needs to be 79 to fix it. The steps are tentative(尝试性的) 80 yet to be felt in most classrooms.

　　62. A) shaking B) waving C) nodding D) speaking

　　63. A) in B) after C) for D) up

　　65. A) historical B) educational C) cultural D) political

　　68. A) sense B) doubt C) reason D) idea

　　71. A) Even B) Though C) Thus D) So

　　72. A) hardly B) just C) still D) ever

　　73. A) exclusively B) practically C) shortly D) directly

　　74. A) competitiveness B) comprehension C) community D) commitment

　　75. A) of B) for C) with D) as

　　76. A) fine B) nice C) surprising D) good

　　77. A) to B) with C) on D) of

　　78. A) consulting B) coaching C) teaching D) instructing

　　79. A) done B) dealt C) met D) reached

　　80. A) therefore B) or C) and D) as

　　Exercise 3

　　Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. __1_ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street, which was always in the heart of a town. This street was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. __4__, some shops offered __5__. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.

　　__6_ in the 1950s, a change began to 7 . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got __11__ the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13_ crowded city centers. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from _15_ areas to outlying malls. And the growing 16 of shopping centers led 17 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.

　　__18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the _19_ of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, _20_ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

　　1.A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier

　　2.A. built B.designed C.intented D.lined

　　3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up

　　4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well

　　5.A.medicine B.food C.cosmetics D.services

　　6.A.Suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But

　　7.A.happen B.take place C.be appear D. show

　　8.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then

　　9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for

　　10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside

　　11.A.when B.while C.since D.then

　　12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized

　　13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near

　　14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed

　　15.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown

　　16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking

　　17.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further

　　18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards

　　19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness

　　20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided

　　Exercise 4

　　One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldnt face my 71 apartment.

　　Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the 72 between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the 73 every time she leaned over to talk to him, 74 he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such 75 in a public place? I thought the movie would be good for my English, but 76 it turned out, it was an Italian movie. 77 about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and 78 on my popcorn(爆玉米花). Ive never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, 79 . After a while I heard 80 more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the 81 of the popcorn crunching(咀嚼)between my teeth. My thought started to 82 . I remembered when I was in South Korea(韩国), I 83 to watch Kojak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend to me, 84 I saw him again in New York speaking 85 English instead of perfect Korean. He didnt even have a Korean accent and I 86 like I had been betrayed. When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English. 87 we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone agreed, but our house became very 88 and we all seemed to avoid each other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to 89 in a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it 90 out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! Weve been speaking Korean at home ever since.

　　71. A) hot B) warm C) cool D) heated

　　72. A) crack B) opening C) break D) blank

　　73. A) view B) angle C) space D) aspect

　　74. A) whenever B) and C) while D) or

　　86. A) looked B) felt C) appeared D) seemed

　　87. A) If B) While C) Once D) Before

　　88. A) quiet B) empty