SAT作文素材 Henri Bergsons The Creative Mind
Henri Bergsons The Creative Mind: An Introduction to Metaphysics is a collection of essays and lectures concerning the nature of intuition, explaining how intuition can be used as a philosophical method. Intuition is described as a method of thinking in duration which reflects the continuous flow of reality. Bergson distinguishes between intuitive and conceptual thinking, explaining how intuition and intellect may be combined to produce a dynamic knowledge of reality.
Bergson distinguishes between two forms of time: pure time and mathematical time. Pure time is real duration. Mathematical time is measurable duration. Real time is continuous and indivisible. Mathematical time is divisible into units or intervals which do not reflect the flow of real time.
According to Bergson, real time cannot be analyzed mathematically. To measure time is to try to create a break or disruption in time. In order to try to understand the flow of time, the intellect forms concepts of time as consisting of defined moments or intervals. But to try to intellectualize the experience of duration is to falsify it. Real duration can only be experienced by intuition.
In the intellectual representation of time, a succession of distinct states or events is presented as a spatialized form of time. Time is conceptualized as an ordered arrangement of defined events, rather than as an endless flow of experience in an indivisible continuity. The intellect analyzes time as having measurable duration, but the flow of real time can only be known by intuition.
Bergson says that reality has extension as well as duration. However, space is not a void or vacuum which is filled by reality. Things are not in space, space is in things. Thus, emptiness can only be conceptualized by suppressing a space-occupying reality. Similarly, nothingness can only be conceptualized by suppressing the awareness of being. According to Bergson, emptiness cannot be directly perceived, it can only be conceptualized.
Bergson also argues that intellect and intuition are capable of different kinds of knowledge. Scientific principles are intellectual, while metaphysical principles are intuitive. However, science and philosophy can be combined to produce knowledge that is both intellectual and intuitive. Such knowledge can unify divergent perceptions of reality.
The existence of time may explain the indeterminateness of things. Time as duration may explain why indeterminate things may later be able to be determined. Things that can be determined may also become indeterminate. If time did not exist, all things could be determined simultaneously. The indeterminateness of things means that the outcome of some events may change, and that there may be freedom of action. Freedom can be experienced by direct intuition.
外研版英语三起三上2012版M3-U2-mp3格式课文朗读
[2013秋]外研版(三起)三上《Module 4 Colours》mp3课文听力
外研版(三起)英语三上《Module 9 Unit 2》PPT课件1
外研版英语三起三上2012版M3-U1-mp3格式课文朗读
外研版(三起)英语四下《Shes a nice teacher》教学设计
外研版英语三起三上2012版M10
[2013秋]外研版(三起)三上《Module 8 Friends》mp3课文听力
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 1 I like football》word教案
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 1 Where’s the bird》word教案
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 2 They’re little and cute》word教案
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 2 She’s a nurse》word教案
外研版英语三起三上2012版M1
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 2 How many green birds》word学案
外研版英语三起三上2012版M1-U1-mp3格式课文朗读
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 1 Where’s the orange cat》word教案
外研版英语三起三上2012版M10-U1-mp3格式课文朗读
2015春外研版(三起)四下Module 6《Unit 2 Was it a big city then》word教案
外研版英语三起三上2012版M2-U2-mp3格式课文朗读
外研版(三起)英语三上《Module 9 Unit 1》PPT课件6
[2013春]外研版(一起)一下《Unit 1 Let’s play football!》word教案
外研版(三起)英语三下 M4作业设计
外研版英语三起三上2012版M1-U2-mp3格式课文朗读
外研版(三起)英语四下 第四模块(Robots)重点句型和短语
外研版英语三起三上2012版M3
[2013秋]外研版(三起)三上《Module 5 Numbers1-12》mp3课文听力
外研版(三起)英语四下《New York is in the east》教学设计
2015春外研版(三起)四下Module 5《Unit 2 They were young》word教案
外研版(三起)英语三上《Module 9 Unit 1》PPT课件5
外研版英语三起三上2012版M2
外研版(三起)英语三下《Module 4 Unit 2》教学设计3
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |