In April 1884 Freud read of a German army doctor who had successfully employed cocaine as a means of increasing the energy and endurance of soldiers. He determined to obtain some for himself and try it as a treatment for other conditionsheart disease, nervous exhaustion and morphine addiction. It was little known at that time and the extensive ethical and methodological rules governing modern drug trials did not exist.
Freud took some himself and was immediately impressed with the sense of well-being it engendered, without diminishing his capacity for work. Having read a report in the Detroit Medical Gazette concerning its value in the treatment of addictions his next step was to recommend the substance as a harmless substitute to his friend and colleague, Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow. Fleischl. Who had become a morphine addict following repeated therapeutic administrations for intractable neurological pain and was in desperate straits, took to cocaine with enthusiasm and was soon consuming it in large quantities.
Meanwhile Freud continued to extol the virtues of the drug, writing a review essay on the subject, taking it himself and pressing it upon his fiancee, friends as a panacea for all ills, He had gone overboard with enthusiasm, writing to Martha when he heard she had lost her appetite,Woe to you, my Princess. When I come. I will kiss you quite red and fees you till you are plump. And if you are forward you shall see who is the stronger, a gentle little girl who doesnt eat enough or a big wild man who has cocaine in his body.
Among the people to whom Freud introduced cocaine was his colleague Carl Koller, a young doctor working in the department of ophthalmology. Freud published his essay in the July issue of the Centralblatt fr Therapie, concluding it by drawing attention to the possible future uses of the drug as a local anaesthetic. Koller was impressed, thought it likely to be useful in eye operations and two months later tried it out , first on animals and then on his own eyes with complete success. He was quick to publish his findings, thus securing a place in world history as the discoverer of what turned out to be virtually the only medical use for the substance.
Freud had missed his chance, but worse was to follow. Fleischls temporary improvement on taking cocaine was short lived. Within a week his condition deteriorated, his pain became unbearable and he relapsed into morphine consumption. He now had not one addiction but two, taking cocaine in doses a hundred times larger than Freud used to do. He suffered toxic confusional states in which he became agitated, experiencing severe anxiety and visual hallucinations. Yet Freud continued to advocate the use of cocaine in morphinism, presumably on the basis that it was beneficial in selected cases.
His paper On the General Effect of Cocaine. Written in the spring of 1885, was published in August and subsequently abstracted in the Lancer, By the following year, however, cases of cocaine addiction and intoxication were being reported from all over the world. Freud came under severe criticism for his advocacy of the drug and defended himself by claimingthat he had never advised its use in subcutaneous injections. He expressed the following view, Theory is fine but it doesnt stop facts from existing. This became a favorite warning against the uncritical acceptance of received wisdom.
Can football make you happy? 足球能使你快乐吗?
你职业生涯中最明智的决定
这些英语习语,一眼看透你的健康
没有证据表明针灸可缓解疼痛
体坛英语资讯:Lee Chong Wei favors new scoring system
体坛英语资讯:Bayer Leverkusen agree deal for Brazilian teenager Paulinho
体重增加或导致打呼噜?
国内英语资讯:Law to protect heroes honor to take effect May 1
印度食品安全堪忧:腐肉进饭店 公厕水泡茶
About Kinship 关于亲情
印度食品安全堪忧:腐肉进饭店 公厕水泡茶
9句超好用的大招,送给内向的人
体坛英语资讯:Chinas Ding one frame away from quarterfinals
Concern and Love 关爱
体坛英语资讯:World Taekwondo Beach Championships to be held in Greece
白宫反驳美国资讯自由度降级
国内英语资讯:Chinas 2018 local government poverty alleviation fund already in place
我国各类市场主体总量突破1亿户
Beginning of Summer 立夏
国内英语资讯:Xi extends Intl?Workers Day greetings to workers nationwide
如何提高人际吸引力:这招社交法则让你人见人爱
国内英语资讯:China, UAE vow to boost strategic partnership
2018年06月英语四级作文范文:更新知识
赶快戒掉这11种坏习惯吧!
这位女士看似体重减轻,实则增重25磅
英语小测验 — 谈论“家务”的词汇
体坛英语资讯:Marco Cecchinato from Italy wins the Hungarian Open
警惕!烘手器其实在喷细菌
体坛英语资讯:China defeats opponents, Germany survives against Egypt at Team Table Tennis Worlds
日本监狱成老年女性天堂!原因竟然是...
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |