Quartile:
第0个Quartile实际为通常所说的最小值;
第1个Quartile;
第2个Quartile实际为通常所说的中分位数;第3个Quartile;
第4个Quartile实际为通常所说的最大值;
我想大家除了对1st、3rd Quartile不了解外,对其他几个统计值的求法都是比较熟悉的了,而求1st、3rd是比较麻烦的。
下面以求1rd为例:
设样本数为n,可以按下列步骤求1st Quartile:
1.n个数从小到大排列,求/4,设商为i,余数为j
2.则可求得1st Quartile为:/4+j/4
例:
1).设序列为{5},只有一个样本则:/4 商0,余数0
1st=第1个数4/4+第2个数0/4=5
2).设序列为{1,4},有两个样本则:/4 商0,余数1
1st=第1个数3/4+第2个数1/4=1.75
3).设序列为{1,5,7},有三个样本则:/4 商0,余数2
1st=第1个数2/4+第2个数2/4=3
4).设序列为{1,3,6,10},四个样本:/4 商0,余数2
1st=第1个数1/4+第2个数3/4=2.5
5).其他类推!因为3rd与1rd的位置对称,这是可以将序列从大到小排,再用1rd的公式即可求得:例:
1.序列{5},3rd=5
2.{4,1},3rd=43/4+11/4=3.25
3.{7,5,1},3rd=72/4+52/4=6
4.{10,6,3,1},3rd=101/4+63/4=7
The calculation of Percentile
设一个序列供有n个数,要求的Percentile:
从小到大排序,求k%,记整数部分为i,小数部分为j
可以如此记忆:n个数中间有n-1个间隔,n-1/4就是处于前四分之一处,
所求结果=第个数+j第个数
特别注意以下两种最可能考的情况:
j为0,即k%恰为整数,则结果恰为第个数
第个数与第个数相等,不用算也知道正是这两个数.
注意:前面提到的Quartile也可用这种方法计算,
其中1st Quartile的k%=25%
2nd Quartile的k%=50%
3rd Quartile的k%=75%
计算结果一样.
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