新GRE写作是如何从正反两个方面切入,搭建文章框架组织内容?这里有一个如何对题目进行分析的问题。
比如,就那位复旦大学的同学他10.23的抽到的那道题而言,它就是一道建议类的题目,也就是说,题目是给出了一个建议Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws,需要我们对这个建议进行分析。
对建议类题目,总结的分析切入点有三点:
题目中的建议可行性如何?
如果实施题目中的建议,是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其它荒谬的结果?
有无替代或折衷方案?
依照这三个分析切入点,我们可以对这道建议类题目分析如下:
题目中的建议可行性如何? 题目中的建议不可行,因为论者已经将问题过于简单化了。在没有搞清楚什么是正义和不正义,以及该采取何种程序来捍卫正义、消除不正义之前,题目中的建议很可能会导致这样的结果:坚持了不正义的法律、破坏了正义的法律。
如果实施题目中的建议,是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其它荒谬的结果? 简单地说Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws只能导致无政府状态。
有无替代或折衷方案? 正义的实现以及非正义的消除,都有赖于:其一,人们对正义含义的共识;其二,实现正义和消除非正义的程序。否则,不可能有真正的正义。
然后,在按照正、反、合的框架把分析内容组织起来,我们就得到了一个完美的写作题纲:
论点:正义的实现有赖于人们对正义的共识,以及一个可靠的法律程序
正:
理论上或者观念上讲,题目中的建议是合理的。毕竟,行动上的正义开始于理念中的正义。任何事实上和行动上的正义和非正义,首先在于人们对之于观念上的认同。要消除非正义,人们必先在观念上确认其属于非正义;同理,若要人们去实施某种所谓的正义,必先要人们在观念上高度认同其正义性。所以,在观念层面上,人人都有服从正义、抵制和反对非正义的必要和自由。
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