编辑点评: 我们在新GRE写作中要格外重视思维逻辑与论据论证,平时注意积累素材,多收集一些新GRE写作论据论证例子。下面是小编为大家搜集的关于亚当斯密的名人素材,希望能够帮助大家更好地备考新GRE写作,获得新GRE写作高分。
Economist and moral philosopher. Born June 5, 1723, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. Smith抯 father had died two months before his birth, and a strong and lifelong attachment developed between Smith and his mother. As an infant, Smith was kidnapped, but he was soon rescued. At the age of 14, he enrolled in the University of Glasgow, where he remained for three years. The lectures of Francis Hutcheson exerted a strong influence on him. In 1740, he transferred to Balliol College, Oxford, where he remained for almost seven years, receiving a bachelor of arts degree in 1744. Returning then to Kirkcaldy, he devoted himself to his studies and gave a series of lectures on English literature. In 1748, he moved to Edinburgh, where he became a friend of David Hume, whose skepticism he did not share.
Theory of Moral Sentiments
In 1751, Smith started working as a professor of logic at the University of Glasgow; the following year he became a professor of moral philosophy. Eight years later, he published his Theory of Moral Sentiments. Smith s central notion in this work is that moral principles have social feeling or sympathy as their basis. Sympathy is a common or analogous feeling that an individual may have with the affections or feelings of another person. The source of this feeling is not so much one s observation of the expressed emotion of another person as one s thought of the situation that the other person confronts. Sympathy usually requires knowledge of the cause of the emotion to be shared. If one approves of another s passions as suitable to their objects, he thereby sympathizes with that person. Sympathy is the basis for one s judging of the appropriateness and merit of the feelings and actions issuing from these feelings. If the affections of the person involved in a situation are analogous to the emotions of the spectator, then those affections are appropriate. The merit of a feeling or an action flowing from a feeling is its worthiness of reward. If a feeling or an action is worthy of reward, it has moral merit. One s awareness of merit derives from one s sympathy with the gratitude of the person benefited by the action. One s sense of merit, then, is a derivative of the feeling of gratitude that is manifested in the situation by the person who has been helped.
Smith warns that each person must exercise impartiality of judgment in relation to his own feelings and behavior. Well aware of the human tendency to overlook one s own moral failings and the self-deceit in which individuals often engage, Smith argues that each person must scrutinize his own feelings and behavior with the same strictness he employs when considering those of others. Such an impartial appraisal is possible because a person s conscience enables him to compare his own feelings with those of others. Conscience and sympathy working together, then, provide moral guidance for man so that the individual can control his own feelings and have a sensibility for the affections of others.
The Wealth of Nations
In 1764, Smith resigned his professorship to take up duties as a traveling tutor for the young Duke of Buccleuch and his brother. Carrying out this responsibility, he spent two years on the Continent. In Toulouse, he began writing his best-known work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. While in Paris, he met Denis Diderot, Claude Adrien Helv閠ius, Baron Paul d Holbach, Fran鏾is Quesnay, A.R.J. Turgot, and Jacques Necker. These thinkers doubtless had some influence on him. His life abroad came to an abrupt end when one of his charges was killed.
Smith then settled in Kirkcaldy with his mother. He continued to work on The Wealth of Nations, which was finally published in 1776. His mother died at the age of 90, and Smith was grief-stricken. In 1778, he was made customs commissioner, and in 1784 he became a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Smith apparently spent some time in London, where he became a friend of Benjamin Franklin. On his deathbed he demanded that most of his manuscript writings be destroyed. He died on July 17, 1790.
The Wealth of Nations, easily the best known of Smith s writings, is a mixture of descriptions, historical accounts, and recommendations. The wealth of a nation, Smith insists, is to be gauged by the number and variety of consumable goods it can command. Free trade is essential for the maximum development of wealth for any nation because through such trade a variety of goods become possible.
Smith assumes that if each person pursues his own interest, as in a laissez-faire economy, the general welfare of all will be fostered. He objects to governmental control, although he acknowledges that some restrictions are required. The capitalist invariably produces and sells consumable goods in order to meet the greatest needs of the people. In fulfilling his own interest, the capitalist automatically promotes the general welfare. In the economic sphere, says Smith, the individual acts in terms of his own interest rather than in terms of sympathy. Thus, Smith made no attempt to bring into harmony his economic and moral theories, which he set out in The Wealth of Nations and Theory of Moral Sentiments, respectively.
希望以上关于亚当斯密的新GRE写作论据论证对各位考生有所帮助。大家可以选择几段来进行背诵,在GRE作文里作为论据进行论证。此外,也可以在平时多搜集一些比较好的论据,来增加作文的含金量。
女性最佳抗老化食物
Twitter健身计划:10条认真的健身小贴士
揭秘G20杭州峰会晚宴
Quora精选 那些年粑粑麻麻说过的谎言
福布斯榜单:香港旅游必吃6家餐厅
苹果党辣么喜欢撩拨Siri,可TA为啥叫Siri?
英国厨师小哥挑战世界最辣料理 2分钟他聋了
24条人生建议建议,送给20多岁风华正茂的你
中了这8条?那你友谊的小船要翻了
从深港通看投资者微妙情绪
宜家在华网购平台为何姗姗来迟
郭广昌 P2P基本上都是骗局
加强肝功能的六种食物
看脸的时代:老师颜值越高学生效率越高
天生就少半个脑袋宝宝2岁了 每过1天都是奇迹
内向的人如何在职场中如鱼得水
研究表明怀孕期间多吃水果能使宝宝更聪明
我的朋友那么多 为什么知心的却没几个
面试前做好10件小事,让你临场信心百倍
幸福的人,离不开这8个小习惯
中国调查滴滴出行收购优步中国计划
六大方法让你一分钟内拥有好气色
分手的八大好处
为什么中国人喜欢去宜家睡觉
7大抗炎症美食来袭:吃出健康 拯救啤酒肚
历年G20峰会主要成果
欧盟裁定苹果补缴130亿欧税款
肥胖更易致癌 而且不止一种
世界真的需要更多的大学吗
报告称大自然2016年的资源预算已用完
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |