阅读在GRE考试中占有至关重要的作用。然而,GRE阅读里面往往有很多经过ETS精心改造后看似很长、很怪异的句子,我们称其为GRE长难句。读懂句子是读懂文章的基础,这些长难句的存在势必会影响到考试中考生对阅读文章的理解,造成答题错误,继而影响到考生最终的GRE成绩。然而,这些所谓的 GRE难句并不是不可攻克的,只要训练方法得当,并且能辅以大量的时间进行练习,它们完全可以看作是中的纸老虎而已。
一般情况下,要想解决GRE难句的问题首先要对长难句的句子结构有个清楚的了解。GRE长难句一般可以分为四大类:复杂修饰成分、插入语或同位语、倒装和省略。下面我就用北美题NO.8-1里面的一篇阅读文章中出现的一些长难句实例针对复杂修饰和插入语部分由易到难做一个详细的剖析和解读。
具体例句剖析:
1. How did Contre Saint-Beuve, an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint-Beuve, turn into the start of the novel Remembrance of Things Past?
译文: Contre Saint-Beuve一文――一篇抨击批评家Saint-Beuve批评方法的文章――是如何转变成为小说Remembrance of Things Past的开端的?
解释:这个句子考察的是一个比较简单的含有插入语的句子。其实单从句子形式中的前后成对出现的两个逗号就比较容易看出是插入语。本句的主语和谓语部分被插入语an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint-Beuve所分割。同时插入语部分也是前面Contre Saint-Beuve的同位语,只是为了进一步解释说明一下这篇文章。
解法:看出是插入语之后,可以直接先跳过插入语不读,直接将前后的内容连起来就不难本句结构了。待句子句意完全读完整之后再读插入语,进一步帮助我们理解句意。
2. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuves blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
译文:Fallois提出,Proust曾试图于1908年开始写一部小说,后又因为某一原因――即Saint-Beuve长期以来所展现出的对伟大文学作品真正本质的盲目无知――而放弃了它,发现该文章引发了某些个人的回忆和小说虚构情节的发展,最终让这些内容以一部稳定发展的小说这一形式取而代之。
解释:本句主要考察的是句子的复杂修饰。从that引导的宾语从句开始,以列举的方式描述其动机的变化。但是因为abandoned之后的状语 for的结构复杂、用词抽象,并且for后面是what 引导的宾语从句中套的另外一个宾语从句,如此以来这个复杂的结构就隔断了句子前后的整体逻辑,干扰到考生对整句话的理解,所以这个结构不太容易被看出来。
解法:看到句子比较长又比较难理解,就先找句子的主谓结构,然后就不难发现该句子的大致结构为Proust had tried to, abandoned,found,and allowed.。。之后再逐一解决各个小分句后面的部分,各个击破,最后整个句子的意思就迎刃而解了。
3. In effect, in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own and, finding subtle connections between them, began to amass the material for Remembrance.
译文:事实上,为了试图证明想象力要比Saint-Beuve的假设来得更为深刻,且并非那么易于屈服于理性,Proust引发了他自己的至关重要的记忆,发现它们之间不无微妙的联系,便开始为Remembrance收集材料。
解释:该句是考察复杂修饰和插入语的。句首是表目的的状语从句:in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed。然后是finding引导的插入语隔断了前面连接句子的and的后半部分,影响了考生对整句的把握。
解法:看到句首是介词短语引导的状语从句,就先直接往后找句子主语,找到主语之后,直接跳过出现成对逗号的插入语往后看完整的句子。最后,再回头看插入语部分的补充信息对句子整体进行进一步的理解。
4. The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.
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