2.ARGUMENT结构性指导
ARGUMENT的结构性比较固定,易于掌握,用过书的考生出手都能写出个标准的经典5段(4段)式,可以说这种模式是完全可以采用,同时也是最好的,最有效的。相比较其余什么老管写作模式,思马得模板作文,这种模式是上乘的首选,而且条理清晰,可读性好,容易方便阅卷人给分。这里由于从网上海量作文习作看来,几乎所有考生都对ARGUMENT的这种写作模式相当熟悉,因此仅对其中出现的普遍问题强调和纠正一下:
(1)开头和结尾:由于ARGUMENT时间的紧迫性,开头和结尾应该尽量简短而明确,其篇幅总量应不超过正文部分的1/3.很多考生一上来就花了5,6分钟把题干中的论据结论用复杂的长句子转述,在象征性地于结尾来一句诸如经过我反复检查,其中论据模糊,逻辑错误横生之类的套话。然后在正文又要分条攻击阐述。这是极不科学的凑字数的模式,相信老外阅卷人一天看个百来篇的这类文章,很容易产生恶意和过敏,一怒之下有种判为类同卷的冲动。
正确的做法永远只有,用1-2句话明明白白告诉阅卷人基本的结论和你的态度,作到简短而有力,让阅卷人一眼就看到你的观点,并且知道你已经读懂题目并且作了基本的准确回应。罗列证据是留给正文的事。另外对于结尾,不要总是要告戒出题者要如何如何加强自己的论证,我们往往可以反其道而行,用上点讽刺,黑色幽默等手法让枯燥的文章在末尾展示出良好的可读性,博得阅卷人的好感。
(2)正文:尽管这是逻辑作文,题干给的像以前的逻辑单题,但是她是一种作文,不是客观题。大量的使用刻板的逻辑句式对于文章的生动性百害而无一利。很多考生背会了什么孙氏逻辑句法就在正文处大打出手,用些看上去极能唬人的分析句式,像逻辑专业出身的人那样,左一句the arguer commits a fallacy of false analogy,右一句the arguer rests his conclusion on the classic logic fallacy ofpost hoc, ergo propter hoc。连拉丁文都用上了,你说老美做何感想。按中国人的话说,叫掉书袋,当诸位考生还在自我为这种呆板的句式乐此不疲的时候,你是否留意过GRE作文在你的手下是不是有些散发出像死尸一样的苍白来。作文者,就是要以能说明问题为先,而不是在这里装神弄鬼,尽管逻辑方面的论证我们需要逻辑知识的支撑,但是我们要作好的是只是借题发挥,点到即止。
正确的做法应该是掌握住错误,揪住对方的小辫,然后适当搭配着证据的罗列称述,合理选用逻辑句式,一说明问题立刻回来,尽量用例证不要去做逻辑上的因果论证。具体请参看对比以下范文:
4.The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site. Of the two leading real estate firms in our town-Adams Realty and Fitch Realty-Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitchs $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.
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