There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the acting area and the auditorium. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
Satellite data on MH370 released
Hundreds killed in Boko Haram attack
Militaries create bond with book exchange
Thai coup leader backed by king, warns citizens
China bans Windows 8 from govt computers
Iran's president seeks closer ties
52 websites probed for publication of porn, violence
Officials: Majority of foreign drugs sold online fake
Li lands landmark deals in London
Chinese in Iraq feel rising pressure
Scientists finalize test platform for ultra-speed maglev train
Regional body to establish anti-terror unit
Decoding China
Banks told to act more quickly on home loans
Yunnan's only panda perking up, thanks to TV, swing
Bombings in Nigeria claim at least 118 lives
WHO report says Delhi has worst air pollution
Internet a key tool for drug traffickers
Holiday sees fewer Chinese go to Malaysia
China won't bow to Japan's demand on 'comfort women'
24's return fuels hope for China's TV fans
Rare stamp sets record at New York auction
McDonald's employees rally against low wages
Beijing sees tenfold boost in collected pollution fees
Comfort women history may enter UNESCO archives
Brazilian leader backs spending on World Cup
Top US school's offer puts young student into spotlight
Malaysia, Vietnam hit as tourists head for East Asia
49 deals cement partnership
Universities fall short in recruitment of students
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |