1. 目标:
If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.
a) 先定义worthy. Welfare harm/opportunity cost 当cost适当时,是可以的。对个人而言,比如,一个人为了更好的完成工作,选择在deadline前废寝忘食,到头来伤害了自己的身体。完全可以用更好的安排代替短期的突击。 对国家而言,比如,国家为了提高人们的福利待遇是对的,但是过分的提高税收则会提高成本,降低利润,影响经济的发展。
b) 在worthy 的前提下,还要合法。如:一公司以非法手段窃得另一个公司股票,最终合并。可能经济效益大,但不合法。会给以后带来不好的影响。还要考虑道德问题。生物学家,花钱使用其助手的卵子germ cell, 安乐死科学界的剽窃或者作假 We should be alert to the possibility that individuals, organizations or governments tend to plead a worthy goal in excuse of their contemptible means and private interests。如:Hitler为了自己的政治目标,不择手段,结果给世界人民带来了重大灾难
In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal.
国际英语资讯:UK PM pleas for unity as MPs prepare to debate crucial Brexit bill
体坛英语资讯:New problems for Germany as Loew desperately looks for a leader and pace setter
国际英语资讯:Chinas new energy vehicle industry on fast lane for growth
国内英语资讯:Interview: Chinas initiatives fuel hopes for breakthrough in pushing forward Israeli-Pales
体坛英语资讯:Feature: A young Chinese shooter has Olympic dream in his crosshairs
国内英语资讯:China revises law to better support SMEs
国际英语资讯:Tropical storm Lidia claims 4 lives in Mexicos south Baja California
国际英语资讯:Merkel defends refugee policy as Schulz attacks in TV debate
国际英语资讯:Disaster state for Houston area extended for 2 weeks: official
体坛英语资讯:Shanghai earns gold in mens team sabre at Chinese National Games
国际英语资讯:Rescue operation starts at mudslide site in southwestern Russia
怎样让高跟鞋穿起来更舒服
国内英语资讯:Xi to attend CIIE opening ceremony, deliver speech
体坛英语资讯:Chinas Sun takes comfortable win in 200m freestyle at National Games
国内英语资讯:China activates emergency response mechanism for Typhoon Mawar
国内英语资讯:Li urges China, ASEAN to uphold multilateralism, free trade
国际英语资讯:Trump revisits Texas as pressure to meet with survivors mounts
国内英语资讯:Xi stresses efforts to improve governance of modern metropolises
国内英语资讯:Xinhua, Samaranch Foundation to strengthen cooperation on sports
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Icy U.S.-Russia relations set to get even colder after closure of Russian consula
体坛英语资讯:Serbia, Japan and Brazil on top of fifth day of 2017 World Judo Championships
“稳操胜劵”英语怎么说?
国际英语资讯:Zimbabwe VP Mnangagwa now fit and strong: Mugabe
科学告诉你:关于怀孕的这些老话居然不是迷信
体坛英语资讯:Lopetegui: Villa and Morata can play alongside each other
这辈子让你思考最多的一句话
国内英语资讯:Construction of BRICS bank headquarters starts in Shanghai
体坛英语资讯:Li Bingjie breaks womens 400m freestyle Asian record
国内英语资讯:China makes progress in workplace safety
国际英语资讯:News Analysis: Beginning of end of Syria war could be closer than ever with IS collapse
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |