gre argument 提纲(二)

　　6.The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.

　　A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.

　　A、首先，该全国范围的调查样本选取是否足够随机，如果不随机，则调查结果就不能够得出人均花费$1,000在爵士音乐娱乐上的结论。

　　B、即使该调查足够随机，那也是全国范围的调查结论，对于M地区并不一定成立。M地区的居民花费在爵士音乐娱乐上的钱不足$1,000。正如作者所说，M地区的居民喜欢Jazz Nightly的广播节目，因此该地区的居民可能更喜欢收听免费的广播，而不是去俱乐部等地方进行消费。

　　C、即使M地区的居民也年均花费$1,000在爵士娱乐上，也不一定会去M地区的C Note爵士音乐俱乐部。目前的俱乐部虽然远，但并不代表人们不去。可能该俱乐部环境比较好，爵士音乐纯正，人们喜欢去那里。

　　D、即使人们去C Note，也不一定能够保证C Note能赚钱。利润等于收入减去成本，而作者忽视了成本中一个很重要且很大的成本品牌成本。C Note创立之初，一定会需要大笔的资金进行品牌宣传。

　　E、另外，有名的爵士艺人住在M地区，并不代表他们会在M地区进行表演。100,000参加M地区的爵士欢庆，并不能够说明爵士乐在M地区很受欢迎，人们去那里可能是其他原因，例如追星。即使说明人们喜欢爵士乐，那也是去年夏天了，并不表示今后也是如此。

　　7.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.

　　In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.

　　A、作者并没有给出呼吸疾病患者的基数。如果基数比较小，那么即使增加少量的人，也会导致增长的比值很大。也是呼吸疾病患者确实大量增加了，也不一定说明是空气污染造成的。常识告诉我们，气候变化也可能造成呼吸疾病。

　　B、即使是由于空气污染造成的，也并不一定是由于C地区的工厂增加导致的。空气污染恶化可能和C地区的气候变化有关，例如季风的变化，季风变化后可能就带不走C地区工厂排放的废气，造成C地区的废气积累。另外，C地区的工厂数增加也存在着基数问题。

　　C、即使是因为C地区的工厂数增加了，导致了C地区的空气污染恶化，也并非是由于FB不采取环境保护的缘故。工厂数增加可能是由于C地区经济快速发展。国家的宏观调控对C地区也有影响。

　　D、即使是由于FB不采取环境保护，作者也错误地假设了只要AG上台，就能够解决C地区的环境问题。环境问题牵扯到很多因素，AG虽然是GEC的成员，也并不代表AG就有能力解决这诸多因素。另外，如果是国家宏观调控的话，AG显然还是没有办法解决。

　　8.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.

　　Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.

　　A、首先，作者简单地认为利润高是并购的充分条件。两家公司要能够实现成功并购，需要考虑两家公司的企业文化是否能够很好地融合，如果不能够的话，一加一可能会小于二，甚至小于一。还有收购的费用是否合理等。

　　B、MF去年的利润增长了，并不代表MF今年以及今后仍然能够保持增长。人们的口味会随着时间有所改变，今后人们可能就不喜欢DS食品的味道了，或者人们开始更看重食品的健康程度而非口味，而DS的食品健康性可能不尽如人意。

　　C、正如作者所说，O公司对14至25岁人群比较感兴趣，但作者并未说明MF的DS适合该人群。即使DS适合该人群，也正如作者在文中所提到的，DS只是在一个小地区获得了成功，并不代表可以在全国获得成功。

　　9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

　　Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.

　　A、O大学的教授开始给学生更高的分数，并不一定是因为学生评价教授的机制的存在。可能是O大学的学生平均来说都要比以前学习刻苦了，或者说学习的课目较之15年前要简单了。

　　B、即使学生获得了更高的分数，是因为O大学的教授怕学生通过该机制对他进行不利的评价，从而使得潜在的雇佣者质疑这样的分数，也不一定能够解释O大学的毕业生找工作没有A大学毕业生成功的现象。找工作困难和其他很多因素都有关，例如专业对不对口，学生本身的寻求条件高低等。

　　C、即使是因为这个原因导致了O大学的毕业生找工作更困难，O大学也不应该断然停止一项维持了15年的机制。事物都有两面性，作者忽视了该机制所带来的正面效应，例如让教授对自己教授的课程更加负责了等等。

　　10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

　　The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.

　　A、牛奶价格从$1.50找到超过$3.00每加仑，并不能够说明奶农在其中赚取了更多的利润。可能因为生产牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因为通货膨胀导致价格上涨。

　　B、牧场数量增加了25%，但并不意味着牛奶产量也增加了，很可能牧场数量增加了而牛奶产量却下降了。

　　C、作者没有给出充分的理由来说明用政府干预经济的方法是必须的。经济常识告诉我们，市场具有自我调节能力，政府可能可以通过市场的手段来解决牛奶供应的问题。