范亚飞老师：如何在GRE作文中避免语言偏见

　　Avoid Language Bias

　　Suggestions for avoiding language that reinforces stereotypes or excludes certain groups of people.

　　Sexism, Race Ethnicity, and National Origin, Age, Sexual Orientation

　　Depersonalization of Persons with Disabilities or Illnesses

　　Patronizing or Demeaning Expressions

　　Language That Excludes or Unnecessarily Emphasizes Differences

　　Sexism

　　Sexism is the most difficult bias to avoid, in part because of the convention of using man or men and he or his to refer to people of either sex. Other, more disrespectful conventions include giving descriptions of women in terms of age and appearance while describing men in terms of accomplishment.

　　Avoid This :1. mankind, man 2. man-made 3. man in the street

　　Use This Instead

　　1. human beings, humans, humankind, humanity, people, society, men and women

　　2. synthetic, artificial

　　3. average person, ordinary person

　　Using gender-neutral terms for occupations, positions, roles, etc.

　　Terms that specify a particular sex can unnecessarily perpetuate certain stereotypes when used generically.